Copyright (c) 2026 Priya Modhugur Sathyanarayanan, Magesh Mohan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
New Schiff Base Derivatives of Norfloxacin with s-Triazole Core: Design, Computational Study and Antimicrobial Activity
Corresponding Author(s) : Priya Modhugur Sathyanarayanan
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 38 No. 5 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 5, 2026
Abstract
Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, acts against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication and repair. Despite many available antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance remains a major global health challenge, highlighting the need for new therapies. The present work focused on the synthesis of a new series of norfloxacin derivatives (D13-D24). Their structures were confirmed through IR, NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds were carried out against targets 3FV5, 5IMW and 5ESE to evaluate possible binding interactions. Among the tested molecules, compound D20 demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Gram-positive S. aureus, while compound D13 exhibited promising activity against Gram-negative E. coli along with appreciable antifungal efficacy against S. cerevisiae, compared with reference drugs norfloxacin and fluconazole. The antimicrobial potential was further assessed using zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) studies.
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- M.S. Refat, W.F. El-Hawary and M.A. Mohamed, J. Mol. Struct., 1013, 45 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.12.010
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- L.L. Shen and A.G. Pernet, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 307 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.2.307
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D. Thompson, J. Xu, J. Ischia and D. Bolton, BJUI Compass, 5, 5 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1002/bco2.286
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J. Fedorowicz and J. Sączewski, Monatsh. Chem., 149, 1199 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-018-2215-x
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B.A. Runyon, Gastroenterology, 91, 1343 (1986); https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(86)90185-X
J. Fernandez, M. Navasa, R. Planas, S. Montoliu, D. Monfort and G. Soriano, Gastroenterology, 133, 818 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.065
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P. Bharathy, P. V. Thanikachalam, S. Jayaprakash, P. Dowlath and P. Madhaiyan, Biomed. Mater. Devices, 4, 625 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1007/s44174-024-00271-4
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R.L. Vogt and L. Dippold, Public Health Rep., 120, 174 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000211
M. Sebaiy, A. Abdullah, S. El-Shanawany, S. El-Adl, L. Abdel-Aziz and H. Hashem, Asian J. Res. Chem., 4, 1688 (2011).
K. Drlica and X. Zhao, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 61, 377 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.61.3.377-392.1997
K. Hemalatha, J. Selvin and K. Girija, Asian J. Pharm. Res., 8, 125 (2018); https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2018.00022.9
K. Rajakumari, K. Aravind, M. Balamugundhan, M. Jagadeesan, A. Somasundaram and P.B. Devi, Eur. J. Med. Chem. Rep., 12, 100233 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100233
S. Jayaraj and K. Hemalatha, Futur. J. Pharm. Sci., 10, (2024); https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-024-00721-2
L.L. Shen and A.G. Pernet, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 82, 307 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.82.2.307
K. Girija and D. Chacko, Res. J. Pharm. Technol., 2, 498 (2009).
S.H. Gillespie, Medical Microbiology Illustrated, Butterworth-Heinemann (1994).
P.M. Hawkey and D.A. Lewis, Medical Bacteriology: A Practical Approach, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom (1994).
K.H.S. Kumar and H. Parameshwar, Res. J. Pharm. Technol., 11, 3103 (2018); https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00570.X
B. Kahveci, Molecules, 10, 376 (2005); https://doi.org/10.3390/10020376
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