Issue

Vol. 38 No. 3 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 3, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Nidha Zahoor Shahri, Munisa Manzoor, Umar Shah, Gulzar Ahmed Rather, Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo, Arpita Roy, Vaseem Raja

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Comparison of Wild and Micropropagated Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Ulmus wallichiana

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35476
Nidha Zahoor Shahri
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6095-5022
Munisa Manzoor
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8501-2611
Mohammad Umar Shah
Bioorganic Chemistry Division (IIIM-Srinagar) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar-19000, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5986-1611
Gulzar Ahmed Rather
AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institutes of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-8109
Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-476X
Arpita Roy
Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Bioscience and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida-201310, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3093
Vaseem Raja
Department of Biotechnology, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali-140413, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5686-4594

Corresponding Author(s) : Nidha Zahoor Shahri

nidhabot@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 3 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 3, 2026

Abstract

This study compared the phytochemicals, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of wild (WUWE) and micropropagated (MUWE) Ulmus wallichiana methanolic leaf extracts. Direct shoot regeneration was successfully optimised using DKW medium along with 8.8 µmol/L BAP and 5 µmol/L PCIB, resulting in high shoot induction (85.65 ± 0.20%), shoot number (7.46 ± 0.22) and shoot length (5.35 ± 0.23 cm). Phytochemical analysis revealed that MUWE contained higher levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and carbohydrates than WUWE. MUWE exhibited higher levels of phenolics and flavonoids compared to WUWE. Antibacterial screening showed effective inhibition by both extracts against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis, with MUWE exhibiting slightly superior activity. Antioxidant potential, assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, indicated stronger free radical scavenging by MUWE (IC50 23.81 and 20.66 µg/mL) compared to WUWE (IC50 30.72 and 29.83 µg/mL). MUWE also displayed higher anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 26.77 µg/mL) than WUWE (IC50 35.89 µg/mL). The cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells revealed enhanced antiproliferative activity by MUWE (IC50 75.24 µg/mL). Phase contrast microscopy confirmed these effects, showing cell rounding, fragmentation and loss of confluence with MUWE treatment. These findings suggest that micropropagation enhances both the phytochemical richness and therapeutic efficacy of U. wallichiana.

Keywords

Ulmus wallichiana Micropropagation Phytochemicals Antioxidant activity Cytotoxicity Antibacterial activity
(1)
Shahri, N. Z.; Manzoor, M.; Shah, M. U.; Rather, G. A.; Kaloo, Z. A.; Roy, A.; Raja, V. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Comparison of Wild and Micropropagated Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Ulmus Wallichiana. ajc 2026, 38, 792-800.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. V. Abbhi, L. Joseph, A.K. Jena and M. George, Nat. Prod. J., 6, 56 (2016); https://doi.org/10.2174/221031550601160208131130.
  2. M. Riaz, R. Khalid, M. Afzal, F. Anjum, H. Fatima, S. Zia, G. Rasool, C. Egbuna, A.G. Mtewa, C.Z. Uche and M.A. Aslam, Food Sci. Nutr., 11, 2500 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3308
  3. A. Khan, F. Kanwal, S. Ullah, M. Fahad, L. Tariq, M.T. Altaf, A. Riaz, and G. Zhang, Metabolites, 15, 276 (2025); https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15040276
  4. M. Karker, H. Falleh, K. Msaada, A. Smaoui, C. Abdelly, J. Legault, and R. Ksouri, EXCLI J., 15, 297 (2016).
  5. A.A. Elkordy, R.R. Haj-Ahmad, A.S. Awaad and R.M. Zaki, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 63, 102459 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102459
  6. A.S. Van Wyk and G. Prinsloo, S. Afr. J. Bot., 133, 54 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.06.031
  7. M. Aslam, V. Dutt, K.N. Qaisar, A.M. Hussaini, B.A. Bhat, P.A. Khan, G.M. Bhat, R.A. Mir and A.A. Mir, Int. J. Adv. Biochem Res., 8(10S), 1542 (2024); https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i10Ss.2764
  8. A.H. Mughal and J.A. Mugloo, SKUAST J. Res., 18, 73 (2016).
  9. N. Batool, Y. Bibi and N. Ilyas, Pure Appl. Biol., 3, 60 (2014); https://doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2014.32002
  10. M. Aslam, A. Hussain, V. Dutt, H.-R. Fallahi and A.M. Husaini, Vegetos, 37, 2203 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-024-00859-7
  11. K.S. Bora, A. Kumar and G. Bisht, J. Ayurveda Integr. Med., 9, 190 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2017.02.009
  12. T.H. Masoodi, M.A. Islam, M.A. Wani, S.A. Mir and S.A. Gangoo, Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 26, 265 (2013).
  13. P. Rawat, M. Kumar, K. Sharan, N. Chattopadhyay and R. Maurya, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 4684 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.074
  14. A. Mehmood, S. Shabir, S. Hussain, K.S. Ahmad and A. Hamid, Farmacia, 67, 662 (2019); https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2019.4.16
  15. M.E. Kolewe, V. Gaurav and S.C. Roberts, Mol. Pharm., 5, 243 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/mp7001494
  16. M.R. Shukla, A.M.P. Jones, J.A. Sullivan, C. Liu, S. Gosling and P.K. Saxena, Can. J. For. Res., 42, 686 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1139/x2012-022
  17. R. Verpoorte, A. Contin and J. Memelink, Phytochem. Rev., 1, 13 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015871916833
  18. G. Singh, A.K. Passsari, V.V. Leo, V.K. Mishra, S. Subbarayan, B.P. Singh, B. Kumar, S. Kumar, V.K. Gupta, H. Lalhlenmawia and S.K. Nachimuthu, Front. Plant Sci., 7, 407 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00407
  19. Y.M. Muflihah, G. Gollavelli and Y.-C. Ling, Antioxidants, 10, 1530 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101530
  20. S.M. Haque, A. Chakraborty, D. Dey, S. Mukherjee, S. Nayak and B. Ghosh, Clin Phytosci., 3, 17 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-017-0055-6
  21. K.S. Nagesh and C. Shanthamma, J. Med. Plants Res., 5, 895 (2011).
  22. G. Miliauskas, P.R. Venskutonis and T.A. Van Beek, Food Chem., 85, 231 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.05.007
  23. B. Bose, H. Choudhury, P. Tandon and S. Kumaria, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 173, 686 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.07.010
  24. L. Irvin, Y. Zavala Ortiz, K.R. Rivera, B.N. Vaidya, S.H. Sherman, R.A. Batista, J.A. Negrón-Berríos, N. Joshee and A. Arun, Molecules, 26, 5813 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195813
  25. P. Gupta, A. Singh, S. Tiwari, A. Mishra, R. Maurya and S. Singh, Neurotoxicology, 73, 100 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.017
  26. F.R. Melek, S.M. El Zalabani, N.S. Ghaly, O.M. Sabry, W. Fayad, A.G. Boulis, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 11, 127 (2021); https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2021.110517
  27. O.K. Kuwar and N. Kalia, Inflammopharmacology, 33, 1303 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01698-x
  28. W. Gao, L. Guo, Y. Yang, Y. Wang, S. Xia, H. Gong, B.-K. Zhang and M. Yan, Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9, 809952 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.809952
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 1 Download : 0
PlumX