Copyright (c) 2026 DEEPA SAINI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Green Synthesis, Characterisation and Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities of Palladium-Iridium Bimetallic Nanoparticles using Murraya koenigii Leaf Extract
Corresponding Author(s) : Deepa Saini
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 38 No. 3 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 3, 2026
Abstract
In this work, palladium and iridium monometallic nanoparticles (MMNPs), along with their bimetallic counterparts (BMNPs) in different ratios 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2, were synthesised using the green-mediated scheme by employing Murraya koenigii leaf extract, a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids with known antibacterial and anticancer properties. The consequent nanoparticles were characterised by several techniques including UV-visible absorption (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA, DTA and DTG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of PdO, IrO2, along with Pd-Ir BMNPs. Further, the antibacterial efficacy of PdO, IrO2 and Pd-Ir nanoparticles was evaluated along with Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Notably, PdO MMNPs exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas with an inhibition zone of ± 9.33 mm at a 50 µg/mL concentration. Moreover, both mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles were assessed for their cytotoxic effects on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, where IrO2 MMNPs demonstrated the most potent anticancer properties, yielding an IC50 value of 236.8 ± 0.12 µg/mL.
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