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Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 2, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Pradeepalakshmi Mathiazhagan, Valarmathy Govindaraj, Subramanian Ramasamy

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Design, X-Ray Diffraction and in silico Analysis of Schiff Base Targeting HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Bacterial DNA Gyrase

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35150
G.M. Pradeepalakshmi
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Tiruchirappalli-620002, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8562-7236
Valarmathy Govindaraj
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Tiruchirappalli-620002, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-1803
Subramanian Ramasamy
Division of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli-621105, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-6059

Corresponding Author(s) : Valarmathy Govindaraj

valarchola@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 2, 2026

Abstract

A green, catalyst-free synthesis yielded a new Schiff base, (E)-2-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol, as orange single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallised in an orthorhombic lattice (space group P212121), with a robust framework stabilised by intramolecular O–H···N hydrogen bonding and extended C–H···O/Cl contacts. Molecular docking revealed strong affinities toward HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (-8.4 kcal/mol) and bacterial DNA gyrase B (-7.1 kcal/mol), dominated by π–π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Remarkably, even at low concentrations (50 µg mL–1), the Schiff base displayed significant antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (11.35 ± 0.21 mm) and Escherichia coli (13.35 ± 0.21 mm), with higher inhibition zones than gentamicin at elevated doses. Its high gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability and low predicted toxicity further endorse its drug-likeness. The combination of crystal stability, low-dose antibacterial efficiency and favourable docking profile identifies this Schiff base as a structurally and pharmacologically valuable scaffold for multifunctional antimicrobial development.

Keywords

Schiff base X-ray diffraction Molecular docking Drug-likeness Antiviral Antibacterial Toxicity
(1)
Pradeepalakshmi, G.; Govindaraj, V.; Ramasamy, S. Design, X-Ray Diffraction and in Silico Analysis of Schiff Base Targeting HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Bacterial DNA Gyrase. ajc 2026, 38, 522-530.
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