Copyright (c) 2026 Ranganathan T, Balaji Raju
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
GC-MS Profiling of Phytocompounds in White Pumpkin Seed Extract, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Properties by ADME/Tox Analysis
Corresponding Author(s) : Raju Balaji
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 2, 2026
Abstract
White pumpkin (Benincasa hispida) seeds contain diverse phytocompounds with medicinal relevance. This study profiled metabolites in the methanolic seed extract by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and assessed pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties using in silico ADME/Tox tools. Twenty-one phytocompounds were identified, conquered by fatty-acid esters and phytosterols; the most abundant were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (20.9%) and γ-sitosterol (14.0%). Predicted drug-likeness and oral developability were generally favourable for the fatty-acid esters (high gastrointestinal absorption, limited safety liabilities), whereas sterols showed lower gastrointestinal absorption but acceptable toxicity signals.
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References
A.A. Muzahid, S. Sharmin, M.S. Hossain, K.U. Ahamed, N. Ahmed, M.S. Yeasmin, N.U. Ahmed, B.K. Saha, G.M.M. Rana, B. Maitra and M.N.H. Bhuiyan., Heliyon, 9, e12702 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12702
M.C. Morrison, P. Mulder, P.M. Stavro, M. Suárez, A. Arola-Arnal, W. van Duyvenvoorde, T. Kooistra, P.Y. Wielinga and R. Kleemann, PLoS One, 10, e0139196 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139196
S.A. Tantawy, H. Elgohary and D.M. Kamel, Res. Rep. Urol., 10, 95 (2018); https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S167896
M. Ebrahimi, N. Farhadian, A.R. Amiri, F. Hataminia, S.S. Soflaei and M. Karimi, J. Med. Virol., 94, 119 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27273
M. Tomczyńska-Mleko, K. Terpiłowski, S. Pérez-Huertas, V. Sapiga, G. Polischuk, B. Sołowiej, M. Nastaj, M. Wesołowska-Trojanowska and S. Mleko, Foods, 12, 2030 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12102030
T.D. Zancan, J.M. Monserrat, R.M. Marreiro Gomes, V.G. Martins, W. Wasielesky Jr. and M.B. Tesser, Animals, 13, 3480 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13223480
Y. Shi, M. Zhang, Q. Shu, W. Ma, T. Sun, C. Xiang, C. Wang and Y. Duan, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22, 2972 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062972
S.A. Abdelnour, M.G. Metwally, L.B. Bahgat and M.A. Naiel, Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 55, 55 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03460-3
D.E.V. Pires, T.L. Blundell and D.B. Ascher, J. Med. Chem., 58, 4066 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00104
Z. Hu, C. Hu, Y. Li, Q. Jiang, Q. Li and C. Fang, J. Sci. Food Agric., 104, 572 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12952
D. Šamec, M.R. Loizzo, O. Gortzi, İ.T. Çankaya, R. Tundis, İ. Suntar, S. Shirooie, G. Zengin, H.P. Devkota, P. Reboredo-Rodríguez, S.T.S. Hassan, A. Manayi, H.R.K. Kashani and S.M. Nabavi, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 21, 4422 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13013
J. Ren, L. Yang, R. Cao, Y. Wang, C. Zhang, X. Yu, W. Meng and X. Ye, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24, 12147 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512147
