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Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 2, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 A. Sarah Grace, L. Thangavelu, M. Rubasrigayathri, T. Vijayalakshmi, S.A. Sri Harish, T.A. Shireen Farzhana, M. Pavithra, S. Fuloria

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Synthesis, Characterisation, Molecular Docking and Biological Response of Some New Xylenol Analogues

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35020
A. Sarah Grace
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4144-2100
L. Thangavelu
Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5662-1410
M. Rubasrigayathri
Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2245-7388
T. Vijayalakshmi
Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6503-0565
S.A. Sri Harish
Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8337-0169
T.A. Shireen Farzhana
Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3699-7337
M. Pavithra
Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8985-7949
S. Fuloria
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5381-5655

Corresponding Author(s) : S. Fuloria

shivkanya_fuloria@aimst.edu.my

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 2 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 2, 2026

Abstract

Owing to the versatile biochemical properties of xylenols, the current study was intended to synthesize and characterize some new xylenol analogues (NXAs). The NXAs were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against osteomyelitis triggering pathogens (S. aureus and E. coli), followed by in silico AutoDock studies against their key proteins. The NXAs synthesis involved substituted xylenol (1) esterification, hydrazination and subsequent treatment with 4-aminoacetophenone to yield intermediate N-(1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene)-2-(2,3-dimethyl-phenoxy)acetohydrazide (4), which was further treated with different aromatic aldehydes to yield N-(1-(4-((substituted benzylidene)-amino)phenyl)ethylidene)-2-(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)acetohydrazide (5a-g) following condensation reaction. The synthesised NXAs were characterised using ATR-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The characterised NXAs were further evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against the osteomyelitis-triggering pathogens S. aureus and E. coli, followed by in silico binding affinity studies using AutoDock against their respective key proteins, DNA gyrase B (PDB ID: 4URM) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (PDB ID: 1UAE). Present investigation concludes synthesis and characterisation success of NXAs and high inhibitory potential against osteomyelitis triggering pathogens and binding affinity with their respective proteins 4URM and 1UAE. Present study recommends that in future the synthesised NXAs of this study should be further subjected to preclinical evaluation for osteomyelitis treatment.

Keywords

Azomethine Xylenols Docking studies Biological activities
(1)
Grace, A. S.; Thangavelu, L.; Rubasrigayathri, M.; Vijayalakshmi, T.; Harish, S. S.; Farzhana, T. S.; Pavithra, M.; Fuloria, S. Synthesis, Characterisation, Molecular Docking and Biological Response of Some New Xylenol Analogues. ajc 2026, 38, 411-416.
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