Copyright (c) 2014 AJC
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Influence of Different Factors on the Removal of Ammonia by Electrolysis with Three-Dimensional Electrode
Corresponding Author(s) : Yuanxing Huang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 19 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 19
Abstract
Electrolytic removal of ammonia was investigated by using zeolite packed three dimensional electrode reactor under batch mode. The results showed that 6-100 mg N/L ammonia could be successfully removed within 1-7 h under various conditions of 30-300 mg/L chloride ion concentration, 0.5-2 A current and pH 3-9. Current density and initial ammonia concentration had significant effect on the ammonia removal rate, while the influence of chloride concentration and pH was weak under batch mode in this research. For the treatment of municipal sewage, the ammonia concentration was reduced from 27.8 mg N/L to 0.5 mg N/L after 1.5 h electrolysis. Moreover, 72 and 61 % removal of the total nitrogen and COD could be achieved after continue electrolysis for 2.25 h.
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- V. Amstutz, A. Katsaounis, A. Kapalka, C. Comninellis and K.M. Udert, J. Appl. Electrochem., 42, 787 (2012); doi:10.1007/s10800-012-0444-y.
- X. Ma, R. Wang and W. Guo, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 6012 (2012).
- D. Reyter, D. Belanger and L. Roue, Water Res., 44, 1918 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.037.
- M. Li, C. Feng, W. Hu, Z. Zhang and N. Sugiura, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 455 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.063.
- N.N. Rao, K.M. Somasekhar, S.N. Kaul and L. Szpyrkowicz, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 76, 1124 (2001); doi:10.1002/jctb.493.
- K.-W. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, I.-T. Kim, G.-I. Park and E.-H. Lee, Electrochim. Acta, 50, 4356 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.046.
- Z. Chao, C.P. Feng and L.Z. Hou, National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China (2009).
- M. Zhou, W. Wang and M. Chi, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 4662 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.002.
- H. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Wu, Y. Zhang and D. Zhang, Waste Manage., 30, 2096 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.029.
- A.M. Polcaro, S. Palmas, F. Renoldi and M. Mascia, Electrochim. Acta, 46, 389 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00596-X.
- APHA, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., edn 20 (1998).
- L. Li and Y. Liu, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 1010 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.047.
- R.M.G. de Lima, G.R. da Silva Wildhagen, J.W.S.D. da Cunha and J.C. Afonso, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 1560 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.058.
- Y. Liu, L. Li and R. Goel, J. Hazard. Mater., 167, 959 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.082.
- Y. Vanlangendonck, D. Corbisier and A. Van Lierde, Water Res., 39, 3028 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.013.
- P.B. Moraes and R. Bertazzoli, Chemosphere, 58, 41 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.026.
- A.H. Mahvi, S.J.A.- Ebrahimi, A. Mesdaghinia, H. Gharibi and M.H. Sowlat, J. Hazard. Mater., 192, 1267 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.041.
References
V. Amstutz, A. Katsaounis, A. Kapalka, C. Comninellis and K.M. Udert, J. Appl. Electrochem., 42, 787 (2012); doi:10.1007/s10800-012-0444-y.
X. Ma, R. Wang and W. Guo, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 6012 (2012).
D. Reyter, D. Belanger and L. Roue, Water Res., 44, 1918 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.037.
M. Li, C. Feng, W. Hu, Z. Zhang and N. Sugiura, J. Hazard. Mater., 162, 455 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.063.
N.N. Rao, K.M. Somasekhar, S.N. Kaul and L. Szpyrkowicz, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 76, 1124 (2001); doi:10.1002/jctb.493.
K.-W. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, I.-T. Kim, G.-I. Park and E.-H. Lee, Electrochim. Acta, 50, 4356 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.046.
Z. Chao, C.P. Feng and L.Z. Hou, National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China (2009).
M. Zhou, W. Wang and M. Chi, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 4662 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.002.
H. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Wu, Y. Zhang and D. Zhang, Waste Manage., 30, 2096 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.04.029.
A.M. Polcaro, S. Palmas, F. Renoldi and M. Mascia, Electrochim. Acta, 46, 389 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00596-X.
APHA, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., edn 20 (1998).
L. Li and Y. Liu, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 1010 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.047.
R.M.G. de Lima, G.R. da Silva Wildhagen, J.W.S.D. da Cunha and J.C. Afonso, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 1560 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.058.
Y. Liu, L. Li and R. Goel, J. Hazard. Mater., 167, 959 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.082.
Y. Vanlangendonck, D. Corbisier and A. Van Lierde, Water Res., 39, 3028 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.013.
P.B. Moraes and R. Bertazzoli, Chemosphere, 58, 41 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.026.
A.H. Mahvi, S.J.A.- Ebrahimi, A. Mesdaghinia, H. Gharibi and M.H. Sowlat, J. Hazard. Mater., 192, 1267 (2011); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.041.