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Vol. 37 No. 9 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 9, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Naruti Longkumer, Kikoleho Richa, Rituparna Karmaker, Basanta Singha, Benzir Ahmed, Penlisola Longkumer, Partha Pratim Gogoi, Nichan Boruah, Rituraj Barman, Bipul Bezbaruah, Upasana Bora Sinha Upasana

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Integrated Approach: Synthesis, in vitro Evaluation and Computational Analysis of Bromoanilines as Potential Antioxidants

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.34158
Naruti Longkumer
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India; Department of Chemistry, St. John College, Dimapur-797112, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-0674
Kikoleho Richa
Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph University, Chumoukedima-797115, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-7548
Rituparna Karmaker
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India; Department of Chemistry, St. John College, Dimapur-797112, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-700X
Basanta Singha
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4545-8587
Benzir Ahmed
Department of Applied Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3221-3030
Penlisola Longkumer
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4726-1132
Partha Pratim Gogoi
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9155-1265
Nichan Boruah
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9605-9061
Rituraj Barman
Department of Applied Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9589-5084
Bipul Bezbaruah
Department of Applied Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-7405
Upasana Bora Sinha
Department of Chemistry, Nagaland University, Lumami-798627, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8598-5173

Corresponding Author(s) : Upasana Bora Sinha

upasanabsinha@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 9 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 9, 2025

Abstract

Bromoanilines are pivotal in medicinal chemistry, serving as crucial intermediates for bioactive compounds like antioxidants and therapeutic agents. Despite their potential, their intrinsic properties remain underexplored. This study innovatively synthesized bioactive bromoanilines using a greener protocol with water as the solvent and cetyltrimethylammonium tribromide (CTMATB) as the brominating agent, chosen for its sustainable characteristics. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, where 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline (3a) demonstrated exceptional activity with an IC50 of 1.73 mg/mL, surpassing Trolox as a positive control. FRAP assay further validated the superior antioxidant behaviour of compound 3a. In-depth analysis via density functional theory (DFT) highlighted antioxidant mechanisms, favouring the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) pathway. Molecular docking with myeloperoxidase (MPO) with PDB ID: 1DNU underscored 3a's strong affinity, with a Moldock score of -54.98 kcal/mol. Further analyses through visual molecular dynamics (VMD), non-covalent interaction (NCI) and electron localization function (ELF), confirmed its stable interactions and electron distribution. Physico-chemical assessments underscored favourable drug-like profile and safety compound 3a. This comprehensive approach reveals 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline (3a) as a promising antioxidant with potential therapeutic applications. However, further studies including in vivo exploration and clinical trials are crucial to validate its efficacy and safety as an antioxidant.

Keywords

Bromoanilines Antioxidants DFT Molecular docking ADMET
(1)
Longkumer, N.; Richa, K.; Karmaker, R.; Singha, B.; Ahmed, B.; Longkumer, P.; Gogoi, P. P.; Boruah, N.; Barman, R.; Bezbaruah, B. Integrated Approach: Synthesis, in Vitro Evaluation and Computational Analysis of Bromoanilines As Potential Antioxidants. ajc 2025, 37, 2211-2226.
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