Issue

Vol. 37 No. 8 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 8, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Basavaraj Hungund, Gururaj Tennalli, Dhanashree Gachhi, Yallappa Shiralgi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Green Synthesis of Chitosan from Aspergillus niger and Evaluation of Antioxidant Property and Cytotoxic Effects on Selected Cancer Cell Lines

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33979
Basavaraj S. Hungund
Bioresource Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi-580031, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0971-3715
Gururaj B. Tennalli
Bioresource Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi-580031, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-6471
Dhanashree B. Gachhi
Bioresource Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi-580031, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-9507
Yallappa Shiralgi
Cambrian Consultancy Centre & Industrial Research, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Bengaluru-560036, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-5541

Corresponding Author(s) : Basavaraj S. Hungund

hungundb@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 8 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 8, 2025

Abstract

Chitin and chitosan, derived from fungal cell walls, possess significant biomedical importance due to their unique material properties. Chitin and chitosan were extracted from Aspergillus niger strains (BSH5 and BSH9) using a two-phase extraction method. The biopolymers were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 1H NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of chitin and chitosan was studied using thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to analyze the functional groups and validate the composition of the materials. The broad absorption band corresponding to the hydrogen-bonded O-H absorption band overlapped with the N-H band. 1H NMR also confirmed the purity of the biopolymers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of chitin and chitosan show the semi-crystallinity, a potential layered crystalline structure and a similar pattern to the commercial polymers. TGA-DSC analyses demonstrated the thermal stabilities of chitin and chitosan. Structural morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed thick and rough surfaces indicating the presence of amorphous nature of the material. Antioxidant studies revealed the radical scavenging activity of 46.38% and 47.65% for strains BSH5 and BSH9, respectively. Chitosan from both the stains demonstrated significant cytotoxic effect against MCF7 cell line with IC50 values of 206.6 µg/mL and 244.7 µg/mL, respectively. The material characterization and biological attributes demonstrated potential biomedical applications of the prepared biopolymer chitosan.

Keywords

Chitin Chitosan Aspergillus niger DPPH activity MTT assay
(1)
Hungund, B. S.; Tennalli, G. B.; Gachhi, D. B.; Shiralgi, Y. Green Synthesis of Chitosan from Aspergillus Niger and Evaluation of Antioxidant Property and Cytotoxic Effects on Selected Cancer Cell Lines. ajc 2025, 37, 1975-1984.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. H.A. Said Al Hoqani, N. AL-Shaqsi, M.A. Hossain and M.A. Al Sibani, Carbohydr. Res., 49, 108001 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2020.108001
  2. T. Huq, A. Khan, D. Brown, N. Dhayagude, Z. He and Y. Ni, J. Bioresour. Bioprod., 7, 85 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2022.01.002
  3. S. Islam, M.A.R. Bhuiyan and M.N. Islam, J. Polym. Environ., 25, 854 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0865-5
  4. R. Priyadarshi and J. Rhim, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 62, 102346 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102346
  5. C. Klinger, S. Zóltowska-Aksamitowska, M. Wysokowski, M.V. Tsurkan, R. Galli, I. Petrenko, T. Machalowski, A. Ereskovsky, R. Martinovic, L. Muzychka, O.B. Smolii, N. Bechmann, V. Ivanenko, P.J. Schupp, T. Jesionowski, M. Giovine, Y. Joseph, S.R. Bornstein, A. Voronkina and H. Ehrlich, Mar. Drugs, 17, 131 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/md17020131
  6. P. Battampara, T. Nimisha Sathish, R. Reddy, V. Guna, G.S. Nagananda, N. Reddy, B.S. Ramesha, V.H. Maharaddi, A.P. Rao, H.N. Ravikumar, A. Biradar and P.G. Radhakrishna, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 161, 1296 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.161
  7. R.-C. Chien, M.-T. Yen and J.-L. Mau, Carbohydr. Polym., 138, 259 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.11.061
  8. C.G. Otoni, H.M.C. Azeredo, B.D. Mattos, M. Beaumont, D.S. Correa and O.J. Rojas, Adv. Mater., 33, 2102520 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202102520
  9. S.A. White, P.R. Farina and I. Fulton, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 38, 323 (1979); https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.38.2.323-328.1979
  10. G.L. Miller, Anal. Chem., 31, 426 (1959); https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60147a030
  11. A. Zamani, L. Edebo, B. Sjöström and M.J. Taherzadeh, Biomacromolecules, 8, 3786 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1021/bm700701w
  12. M.M. Abo Elsoud and E.M. El Kady, Bull. Natl. Res. Cent., 43, 59 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0105-y
  13. J. Johney, S.R. Sri and R. Ragunathan, J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 12, 1631 (2018); https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.12.3.70
  14. G. Torðut, F.C. Yazdýç and N. Gürler, Polym. Eng. Sci., 62, 2552 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26040
  15. P.O. Okolo, O.U. Akakuru, O.U. Osuoji and A. Jideonwo, Bayero J. Pure Appl. Sci., 6, 118 (2014); https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v6i1.24
  16. J. Dutta, In eds.: K. Ramawat and J.M. Mérillon, Polysaccharides, Springer, Cham, p. 1029 (2015).
  17. C. Muzzarelli, O. Francescangeli, G. Tosi and R.A.A. Muzzarelli, Carbohydr. Polym., 56, 137 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.01.002
  18. D. L. Kaplan,Biopolymers from Renewable Resources, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg (1998).
  19. H.-W. Lee, Y.-S. Park, J.-W. Choi, S.-Y. Yi and W.-S. Shin, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 1100 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1100
  20. J.F. Mendes, R.T. Paschoalin, V.B. Carmona, A.R. Sena Neto, A.C.P. Marques, J.M. Marconcini, L.H.C. Mattoso, E.S. Medeiros and J.E. Oliveira, Carbohydr. Polym., 137, 452 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.093
  21. A.K. Gautam, R.K. Verma, S. Avasthi, Sushma, Y. Bohra, B. Devadatha, M. Niranjan and N. Suwannarach, J. Fungi, 8, 226 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8030226
  22. J. Sambrook and D.W. Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, edn .4 (2001).
  23. M.R. Kasaai, Carbohydr. Polym., 79, 801 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.051
  24. D.B. Gachhi and B.S. Hungund, J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 8, 116 (2018); https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2018.81117
  25. G. Cárdenas, G. Cabrera, E. Taboada and S.P. Miranda, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93, 1876 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1002/app.20647
  26. M.-K. Jang, B.-G. Kong, Y.-I. Jeong, C.H. Lee and J.-W. Nah, J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem., 42, 3423 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.20176
  27. M. Muthu, J. Gopal, S. Chun, A.J.P. Devadoss, N. Hasan and I. Sivanesan, Antioxidants, 10, 228 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020228
  28. E.I. Hassanen, E.A. Morsy, A.M. Hussien, K.Y. Farroh and M.E. Ali, Biosci. Rep., 41, 1 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20204091
  29. R.L. Lavall, O.B.G. Assis and S.P. Campana-Filho, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 2465 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.002
  30. N. Subhapradha, P. Ramasamy, V. Shanmugam, P. Madeswaran, A. Srinivasan and A. Shanmugam, Food Chem., 141, 907 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.098
  31. B. Moussian, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 1142, 5 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_2
  32. W. Sajomsang, S. Tantayanon, V. Tangpasuthadol, M. Thatte and W.H. Daly, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 43, 79 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2008.03.010
  33. K.D. Rane and D.G. Hoover, Food Biotechnol., 7, 11 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1080/08905439309549843
  34. R. Varma and S. Vasudevan, ACS Omega, 5, 20224 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c01903
  35. S. Kumari and R. Kishor, in eds.: S. Gopi, S. Thomas and A. Pius, Chitin and Chitosan: Origin, Properties, and Applications, In: Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan, Elsevier, Chap. 1, pp. 1-33 (2020).
  36. G.S. Dhillon, S. Kaur, S.K. Brar and M. Verma, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 33, 379 (2013); https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2012.717217
  37. S. Singh, K.K. Gaikwad and Y.S. Lee, J. Korea Soc. Packaging Sci. Tech., 24, 167 (2018); https://doi.org/10.20909/kopast.2018.24.3.167
  38. M.K. Lagat, S. Were, F. Ndwigah, V.J. Kemboi, C. Kipkoech and C.M. Tanga, Microorganisms, 9, 2417 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122417
  39. N.H. Marei, E.A. El-Samie, T. Salah, G.R. Saad and A.H.M. Elwahy, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 82, 871 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.024
  40. F.A.A. Sagheer, M.A. Al-Sughayer, S. Muslim and M.Z. Elsabee, Carbohydr. Polym., 77, 410 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.032
  41. N. Sankararamakrishnan and R. Sanghi, Carbohydr. Polym., 66, 160 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.035
  42. F.M. Almutairi, H.A. El Rabey, A.A. Tayel, A.I. Alalawy, M.A. Al-Duais, M.I. Sakran and N.S. Zidan, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 155, 861 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.207
  43. J.K. Park, M.J. Chung, H.N. Choi and Y.I. Park, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 266 (2011); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12010266
  44. Y. S. Wimardhani, D. F. Suniarti, H. J. Freisleben, S.I. Wanandi, N. C. Siregar and M.-A. Ikeda, J. Oral Sci., 56, 119 (2014); https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.56.119
  45. H.S. Adhikari and P.N. Yadav, Int. J. Biomater., 2018, 2952085 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2952085
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 161 Download : 117
PlumX