Issue

Vol. 37 No. 7 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 7, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Sivarajakrishnan Anandabaskaran, Vijayakumar uthiravel, Krishnasamy Kuppusamy

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities of WO3, NdWO3 and rGO/NdWO3 Nanoparticles for Environmental and Health Applications

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33928
Sivarajakrishnan Anandabaskaran
Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram-608002, India
Vijayakumar Uthiravel
Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram-608002, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6110-4346
Krishnasamy Kuppusamy
Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram-608002, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-6982

Corresponding Author(s) : Krishnasamy Kuppusamy

krishnasamy5699@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 7 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 7, 2025

Abstract

This study explores the synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3), neodymium-doped WO3 (NdWO3) and reduced graphene oxide/NdWO3 (rGO/NdWO3) composites using a hydrothermal method for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under natural sunlight. Characterization through XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, FT-IR, UV-DRS, HR-TEM and XPS techniques confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the materials. XRD revealed distinct monoclinic and hexagonal structures for WO3 and NdWO3, while the rGO/NdWO3 composite maintained the crystallinity of both phases. UV-DRS analysis demonstrated a reduction in the band gap from 1.81 eV (WO3) to 1.60 eV (rGO/NdWO3), enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation tests indicated rGO/NdWO3 achieved (89.2%) MB removal, outperforming WO3 (59.4%) and NdWO3 (71.5%). This performance enhancement is attributed to the synergistic interaction between rGO and NdWO3, promoting superior charge separation and electron transfer. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the highest rate constant for rGO/NdWO3 (2.05 × 10–4 min–1). Moreover, antimicrobial assays demonstrated that rGO/NdWO3 exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, surpassing traditional antibiotics. These findings underscore the potential of rGO/NdWO3 as a multifunctional material for advanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications.

Keywords

rGO/NdWO3 Hydrothermal method Methylene blue Photocatalytic activity Antimicrobial activity
(1)
Anandabaskaran, S.; Uthiravel, V.; Kuppusamy, K. Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Activities of WO3, NdWO3 and RGO NdWO3 Nanoparticles for Environmental and Health Applications. ajc 2025, 37, 1697-1706.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. C. Byrne, G. Subramanian and S.C. Pillai, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 6, 3531 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.07.080
  2. L. Yang, D. Fan, Z. Li, Y. Cheng, X. Yang and T. Zhang, Adv. Sustain. Syst., 6, 2100477 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202100477
  3. S. Kumari, K. Sharma, S. Korpal, J. Dalal, A. Kumar, Supreet, S. Kumar and S. Duhan, CrystEngComm., 26, 4886 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CE00630E
  4. S. Balu, D. Ganapathy, S. Arya, R. Atchudan and A.K. Sundramoorthy, RSC Adv., 14, 14392 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA01307G
  5. J. Akhtar, M.B. Tahir, M. Sagir and H.S. Bamufleh, Ceram. Int., 46, 11955 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.234
  6. K. Kalidasan, S. Mallapur, P. Vishwa and S. Kandaiah, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 61, 16673 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02880
  7. L. Cui, X. Ding, Y. Wang, H. Shi, L. Huang, Y. Zuo and S. Kang, Appl. Surf. Sci., 391, 202 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.055
  8. I. Maryam, T. Iqbal, S. Afsheen and A.M. Ali, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 33, 3454 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02776-9
  9. U. Kadiyala, N.A. Kotov and J.S. VanEpps, Curr. Pharm. Des., 24, 896 (2018); https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180219130659
  10. T. Subramani and S.K. Nagarajan, Ceram. Int., 50, 44822 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.08.317
  11. M. Arshad, S. Ehtisham-ul-Haque, M. Bilal, N. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, M. Abbas, J. Nisar, M.I. Khan, A. Nazir, A. Ghaffar and M. Iqbal, Mater. Res. Express, 7, 015407 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab6380
  12. S. Kokilavani, S.A. Al-Farraj, A.M. Thomas, H.A. El-Serehy, L.L. Raju and S.S. Khan, Ceram. Int., 47, 12997 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.01.163
  13. A.K. López-Matus, V.W. Velázquez-Vázquez, K.M. Aguilar-Casto, E.V. Macias-Melo, G. Morales-Mendoza, J.Y. Verde-Gómez and R. López-González, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Eng., 20, 75 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00290-z
  14. Q. Zhao, S. Chen, B. Ren, S. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Luo, W. Feng and Y. Sun, Opt. Mater., 135, 113266 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.113266
  15. M. Tiwari and G.C. Joshi, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol, (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06315-x
  16. L.X. Lovisa, D.F. Dos Santos, A.A.G. Santiago, M.D. Teodoro, M.R.D. Bomio and F.V. Motta, RSC Adv., 13, 25738 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA05136F
  17. F.A. Jan, M. Ahmad, U. Shah, M. Saleem, R. Ullah and N. Ullah, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 43, 726 (2021).
  18. V. Ramar and K. Balasubramanian, ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 4, 5512 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c00863
  19. B. Chai, J. Li, Q. Xu and K. Dai, Mater. Lett., 120, 177 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.01.094
  20. M. Zhou, J. Yan and P. Cui, Mater. Lett., 89, 258 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.08.081
  21. T. Govindaraj, C. Mahendran, V.S. Manikandan, J. Archana, M. Shkir and J. Chandrasekaran, J. Alloys Compd., 868, 159091 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159091
  22. L. Gan, L. Xu, S. Shang, X. Zhou and L. Meng, Ceram. Int., 42, 15235 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.06.160
  23. A.A. Ismail, M. Faisal and A. Al-Haddad, J. Environ. Sci., 66, 328 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.001
  24. X. Hu, P. Xu, H. Gong and G. Yin, Materials, 11, 147 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11010147
  25. M.B. Tahir, S. Farman, M. Rafique, M. Shakil, M.I. Khan, I. Mubeen, M. Ijaz, M. Ashraf and K.N. Riaz, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 101, 1448 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1685093
  26. M. Stan, D. Toloman, A. Popa, M. Dan, R.C. Suciu, S. Macavei, S.C. Tripon, K. Chaiseeda and O. Pana, Synth. Met., 288, 117117 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117117
  27. U. Younas, A. Ahmad, A. Islam, F. Ali, M. Pervaiz, A. Saleem, M. Waseem, A.M. Aljuwayid, M.A. Habila and S.R. Naqvi, Fuel, 349, 128668 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128668
  28. S. Ghattavi and A. Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, J. Mol. Liq., 322, 114563 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114563
  29. J. Tang, R. Meng, Y. Xue, S. Zhang and Q. Li, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 132, 108792 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108792
  30. M. Liaqat, R.M. Munir, I. Maryam, T. Iqbal, S. Afsheen, A.G. Nabi, R.R.M. Khan, A. El-Marghany, I. Warad and A. Basit, Mater. Chem. Phys., 320, 129465 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.129465
  31. S. Sahoo, A. Rebekah and K.S. Lee, APL Mater., 12, 041122 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0202943
  32. G.M. Kumar, D.J. Lee, H.C. Jeon, P. Ilanchezhiyan, K.D. Young and K.T. Won, Ceram. Int., 48, 4332 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.10.228
  33. S. Hemasankari, S. Priyadharshini, V. Sathiyanarayanamoorthi, N. Al Sdran, D. Thangaraju and M. Shkir, Physica B, 660, 414870 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2023.414870
  34. U. Shah, F.A. Jan, R. Ullah, Wajidullah, Salman and N. Ullah, ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol., 11, 033011 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac5c7e
  35. H.A. Mahmoud, T.T. Ali, S.A. Nasr, E.A.A. Mahmoud, L.A.E. Nassr and I.M.A. Mohamed, J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 62, 460 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-024-00472-z
  36. M.T. Elabbasy, M.A. El-Morsy, N.S. Awwad, H.A. Ibrahium and A.A. Menazea, Sci. Rep., 14, 9877 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57226-4
  37. K. Narasimharao and T.T. Ali, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 9, 1819 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.12.014
  38. S. Velmurugan, K.J. Jothi, I. Pakrudheen, S. Nagarani, S. Mubarak, S. Devanesan and M.S. AlSalhi, Ceram. Int., 51, 6627 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.107
  39. H. Liu, J. Huang, J. Chen, J. Zhong, J. Li and R. Duan, Solid State Sci., 95, 105923 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2019.06.012
  40. H.I. Rizvi, R.M. Munir, T. Iqbal, A. Younas, S. Afsheen, M.T. Qureshi, L. Aamir, M.A. Elaimi, K. Sultana, K.N. Riaz and M. Yousaf, J. Alloys Compd., 993, 174549 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174549
  41. G. Jeevitha, R. Abhinayaa, D. Mangalaraj and N. Ponpandian, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 116, 137 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.01.021
  42. S. Siddique, Zain-ul-Abdin, M. Waseem, T. Naseem, A. Bibi, M. Hafeez, S.U. Din, S. Haq and S. Qureshi, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 31, 1359 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01760-x
  43. A.B. Habtemariam and Y. Alemu, Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 12, 529 (2021); https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC121.529536
  44. V. Uthiravel, K. Narayanamurthi, V. Raja, S. Anandhabasker and K. Kuppusamy, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 170, 113327 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.113327
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 144 Download : 103
PlumX