Copyright (c) 2025 Fraiz Parveen, Dr Naveen Joshi, Vikash Jakhmola
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Bombax ceiba Fruit Extract based Palladium Nanoparticles
Corresponding Author(s) : Naveen Chandra Joshi
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 37 No. 6 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 6, 2025
Abstract
The synthesis of nanoparticles using different parts of plant extracts offers a cost-effective, efficient and environmental friendly option for applications in biomedical research, the environment and energy. This work presented a way to fabricate palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using Bombax ceiba fruit extract in the non-calcined and calcined formed. Pd NPs have been applied as antimicrobial agents against a number of bacterial and fungal species after being investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDX methods. The synthetic approach was found to be cost-effective, efficient and safe. The antimicrobial study was conducted for both non-calcined as well as calcined Pd NPs. The findings of the antibacterial investigation demonstrated that Pd NPs were particularly effective against A. niger and B. subtilis, with zones of inhibition of 11.4 and 20.3 mm, respectively. The effectiveness of Pd NPs against bacterial and fungal species was found to be in the order of B. subtilis > E. coli > S. aureus and A. niger > C. parapsilosis, respectively.
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References
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S. Malik, K. Muhammad and Y. Waheed, Molecules, 28, 661 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020661
K.A. Altammar, Front. Microbiol., 14, 1155622 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155622
N.C. Joshi, P.B. Negi and P. Gururani, Food Sci. Biotechnol., 33, 1307 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-023-01500-0
G. Paramasivam, V.V. Palem, T. Sundaram, V. Sundaram, S.C. Kishore and S. Bellucci, Nanomaterials, 11, 3228 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123228
J. Singh, T. Dutta, K.H. Kim, M. Rawat, P. Samddar and P. Kumar, Mater. Adv., 2, 5871 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00807A
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M. Alaqarbeh, S.F. Adil, T. Ghrear, M. Khan, M. Bouachrine and A. Al-Warthan, Catalysts, 13, 1343 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13101343
A. Chen and C. Ostrom, Chem. Rev., 115, 11999 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00324
T.T.V. Phan, T.-C. Huynh, P. Manivasagan, S. Mondal and J. Oh, Nanomaterials, 10, 66 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10010066
S. Ying, Z. Guan, P.C. Ofoegbu, P. Clubb, C. Rico, F. He and J. Hong, Environ. Technol. Innov., 26, 102336 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102336
D. Gupta, A. Boora, A. Thakur and T.K. Gupta, Environ. Res., 231, 116316 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116316
N. Gupta, S. Sharma and R. Rani, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 15, 8 (2023); https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2023v15i1.46533
R.K. Shukla, K. Nandan, V. Shukla, A. Kaur and V. Rana, Res. J. Pharm. Technol., 13, 5607 (2020); https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00978
A.W. Bauer, W.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherris and M. Turck, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45, 493 (1966).
V. Viswadevarayalu, P.V. Ramana, J. Sumalatha, S.A. Reddy, J. Nanosci. Technol., 169, (2016).
G. Abbas, N. Kumar, D. Kumar and G. Pandey, ACS Omega, 4, 21839 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b02776
M. Sarmah, A.B. Neog, P.K. Boruah, M.R. Das, P. Bharali and U. Bora, ACS Omega, 4, 3329 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02697
R. Lakshmipathy, B. Palakshi Reddy, N.C. Sarada, K. Chidambaram and S.K. Khadeer Pasha, Appl. Nanosci., 5, 223 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0309-2
X.Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, M.X. Gong, Y.W. Tang, T.H. Lu, V. Chen and J.M. Lee, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. Energy Sustain., 2, 13840 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA02522A
M. Hazarika, D. Borah, P. Bora, A.R. Silva and P. Das, PLoS One, 12, e0184936 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184936
R. Molaie, K. Farhadi, M. Forough, S. Hajizadeh, J. Nanostruct., 8, 47 (2018); https://doi.org/10.22052/JNS.2018.01.006
N. Zingwe, E. Meyer and J. Mbese, S. Afr. J. Chem. Eng., 37, 92 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2021.05.002
K. Gold, B. Slay, M. Knackstedt and A.K. Gaharwar, Adv. Ther., 1, 1700033 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1002/adtp.201700033
U. Kadiyala, N.A. Kotov and J.S. VanEpps, Curr. Pharm. Des., 24, 896 (2018); https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180219130659
S.M. Dizaj, F. Lotfipour, M. Barzegar-Jalali, M.H. Zarrintan and K. Adibkia, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 44, 278 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.031
M.S. Al-Fakeh, S.O.M. Osman, M. Gassoumi, M. Rabhi and M. Omer, Nanomaterials, 11, 2666 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102666
E.J. Al-Kalifawi, E.E. Al-Obodi, T.M. Al-Saadi, Acad. J. Agric. Res., 6, 026 (2018); https://doi.org/10.15413/ajar.2017.IECCNA.12
A. Azam, A.S. Ahmed, M. Oves, M.S. Khan and A. Memic, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 7, 3527 (2012); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S29020
M.R. Mahmod, A. Junayed, C. Bhowmick, S. Sompa, T. Sultana, T. Akter, M. Abedin, M. Zubair, M. Islam, M. Mogal, M. Khatun and M. Sikder, J. Adv. Biotechnol. Exp. Ther, 4, 178 (2021); https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2021.d118
A.P. Ayanwale, A.D.J. Ruíz-Baltazar, L. Espinoza-Cristobal and S.Y. Reyes-Lopez, Dose Response, 18, 1559325820941374 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1177/1559325820941374
