Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Arun Gupta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Study of Alumina Supported Calcium Catalyst for Bio-diesel Production using Karanja Oil
Corresponding Author(s) : Arun Kumar Gupta
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 37 No. 4 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 4, 2025
Abstract
Calcium oxide (CaO) has emerged as an efficient and versatile catalyst for various chemical transformations, particularly in the production of biodiesel and other value-added chemicals. This study highlights the superior catalytic performance of CaO compared to alternative catalysts, demonstrating its ability to deliver higher yields in both methanol and ethanol-based reactions. Its robust stability under reaction conditions ensures prolonged catalytic activity, reducing the need for frequent regeneration. Furthermore, CaO exhibits excellent activity with both methanol and ethanol, exhibiting its adaptability to different feedstocks. The combination of high yield, stability and dual-feedstock activity highlights the potential of CaO as a cost-effective and sustainable catalyst for industrial applications.
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- D. Huang, H. Zhou and L. Lin, Energy Procedia, 16, 1874 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.287
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References
D. Huang, H. Zhou and L. Lin, Energy Procedia, 16, 1874 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.287
S.M. Farouk, A.M. Tayeb, S.M.S. Abdel-Hamid and R.M. Osman, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 31, 12722 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32027-4
R.L. Patel and C.D. Sankhavara, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 71, 464 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.075
R. Abd Rabu, I. Janajreh and D. Honnery, Energy Convers. Manage., 65, 764 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.02.031
W.N.R.W. Isahak and A. Al-Amiery, Green Technol. Sustainab., 2, 100078 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.grets.2024.100078
B.A.T. Mehrabadi, S. Eskandari, U. Khan, R.D. White and J.R. Regalbuto, Adv. Catal., 61, 1 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acat.2017.10.001
C.N. Fredd and H.S. Fogler, Chem. Eng. Sci., 53, 3863 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(98)00192-4
R. Khalil, K. Rusli and Andri, World Vet. J., 11, 578 (2021); https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2021.wvj73
A.K. Gupta, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 100, 100970 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2023.100970
W. Xie and L. Zhao, Fuel, 103, 1106 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.031
M.D. Guillen and A. Ruiz, Trends Food Sci. Technol., 12, 328 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(01)00101-7
J.M. Marchetti, V.U. Miguel and A.F. Errazu, Renew Sustain. Energy Rev., 11, 1300 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2005.08.006
O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken and W. Heitmann, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 203, 19 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(96)00329-8
I.A. Musa, Egyptian J. Petroleum, 25, 21 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2015.06.007
A.J. Martín, S. Mitchell, C. Mondelli, S. Jaydev and J. Pérez-Ramírez, Nat. Catal., 5, 854 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00842-y
W. Mäntele and E. Deniz, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 173, 965 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2016.09.037
I. Ridwan, H. Budiastuti, R. Indarti, N.L.E. Wahyuni, H.M. Safitri and R.L. Ramadhan, Mater. Sci. Energy Technol., 6, 15 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2022.11.002
P. Forzatti and L. Lietti, Catal. Today, 52, 165 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00074-7
A. Scaltsoyiannes and A. Lemonidou, Chem. Eng. Sci. X, 8, 100071 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cesx.2020.100071
S.F. Basumatary, S. Brahma, M. Hoque, B.K. Das, M. Selvaraj, S. Brahma and S. Basumatary, Green Energy Resour., 1, 100032 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100032
