Issue

Vol. 37 No. 12 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 12, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Sangeeta Jha, Mr. Bhoj Raj Chhetri, Dr. Nayan Kamal Bhattacharyya, Dr. Karma Gyurmey Dolma, Dr. Archana Moni Das

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/ZnO Bimetallic Nanocomposites Using Evodia fraxinifolia Fruit Extract: Evaluation of Photocatalytic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.34753
B.R. Chhetri
Department of Chemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar-737136, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3816-0424
S. Jha
Department of Chemistry, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar-737136, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1663-9354
N.K. Bhattacharyya
Office of the Controller of Examination, Assam Women’s University, Jorhat, Rowriah-785004, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-5298
K.G. Dolma
Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Tadong-737102, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-0774
A.M. Das
Chemical Science and Technology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-6981

Corresponding Author(s) : S. Jha

sangeeta.j@smit.smu.edu.in

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 12 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 12, 2025

Abstract

The present work reports the green synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) using Evodia fraxinifolia fruit extract, along with the evaluation of their photocatalytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The synthesized bimetallic NCs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), ATR-FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR confirmed the presence of secondary phytochemicals facilitating the synthesis of nanoparticles. XRD confirmed a crystalline nature with an average particle size of 27.9 nm. The SEM data confirmed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and the distribution of the constituent elements was confirmed by elemental mapping. Photocatalytic studies revealed the 8% Ag/ZnO NCs exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO). Antibacterial test showed 8% Ag/ZnO NCs greater inhibition zone against E. coli (14 ± 0.6 mm) compared to S. aureus (10 ± 0.3 mm). The 8% Ag/ZnO demonstrated significant antioxidant activity of 61.13 % with IC50 value 71.6 µg/mL. Based on the obtained results, it is found that E. fraxinifolia fruit extract can be effectively employed in the synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites with material characterization and biological evaluations confirming their potential for biomedical applications.

Keywords

Green synthesis Evodia fraxinifolia Ag/ZnO Nanocomposites Antimicrobial Antioxidant Photocatalytic
(1)
Chhetri, B.; Jha, S.; Bhattacharyya, N.; Dolma, K.; Das, A. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ag ZnO Bimetallic Nanocomposites Using Evodia Fraxinifolia Fruit Extract: Evaluation of Photocatalytic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities. ajc 2025, 37, 3116-3126.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. B.A. Fahimmunisha, R. Ishwarya, M.S. AlSalhi, S. Devanesan, M. Govindarajan and B. Vaseeharan, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 55, 101465 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101465
  2. A. Balapure, J.R. Dutta and R. Ganesan, RSC Appl. Interfaces, 1, 43 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LF00126A
  3. E. Kusmierek, Catalysts, 10, 439 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10040439
  4. K.M. Lee, C.W. Lai, K.S. Ngai and J.C. Juan, Water Res., 88, 428 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.09.045
  5. S. Pirtarighat, M. Ghannadnia and S. Baghshahi, J. Nanostruct. Chem, 9, 1 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-018-0291-4
  6. Z.A. Ratan, M.F. Haidere, M. Nurunnabi, S.M. Shahriar, A.J.S. Ahammad, Y.Y. Shim, M.J.T. Reaney and J.Y. Cho, Cancers, 12, 855 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040855
  7. K. Shreema, R. Mathammal, V. Kalaiselvi, S. Vijayakumar, K. Selvakumar and K. Senthil, Mater. Today Proc., 47, 2126 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.627
  8. T.K.M. Prashantha Kumar, T.R. Mandlimath, P. Sangeetha, P. Sakthivel, S.K. Revathi, S.K. Ashok Kumar and S.K. Sahoo, RSC Adv., 5, 108034 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA19945J
  9. M. Moradi, M. Haghighi and S. Allahyari, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 107, 414 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.03.010
  10. S.H. Nile, V. Baskar, D. Selvaraj, A. Nile, J. Xiao and G. Kai, Nano-Micro Lett., 12, 45 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-0383-9
  11. V.K. Sharma, R.A. Yngard and Y. Lin, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 145, 83 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.002
  12. M.M.I. Masum, M.M. Siddiqa, K.A. Ali, Y. Zhang, Y. Abdallah, E. Ibrahim, W. Qiu, C. Yan and B. Li, Front. Microbiol., 10, 820 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00820
  13. Priya, Naveen, K. Kaur and A.K. Sidhu, Front. Nanotechnol., 3, 655062 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2021.655062
  14. M.M.H. Khalil, E.H. Ismail, K.Z. El-Baghdady and D. Mohamed, Arab. J. Chem., 7, 1131 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.007
  15. B. Mortezagholi, E. Movahed, A. Fathi, M. Soleimani, A. Forutan Mirhosseini, N. Zeini, M. Khatami, M. Naderifar, B. Abedi Kiasari and M. Zareanshahraki., Microsc. Res. Tech., 85, 3553 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24207
  16. V. Ramesh, K. Karthik, R. Cep and M. Elangovan, Polymers, 15, 985 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040985
  17. S. Ahmad, S. Munir, N. Zeb, A. Ullah, B. Khan, J. Ali, M. Bilal, M. Omer, M. Alamzeb, S.M. Salman and S. Ali., Int. J. Nanomedicine, 14, 5087 (2019); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S200254
  18. A. Indriyani, Y. Yulizar, R.T. Yunarti, D.O.B. Apriandanu and R.M. Surya, Appl. Surf. Sci., 563, 150113 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150113
  19. S. Jadoun, R. Arif, N.K. Jangid and R.K. Meena, Environ. Chem. Lett., 19, 355 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01074-x
  20. R. Chanda, J. Mohanty, N. Bhuyan, P. Kar and L. Nath, Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 6, 606 (2007).
  21. Y.-X. Jiang, J.-Y. Yao, N. Qin, J.-J. Tan, F. Han, S.-J. Qu, S.-J. He and C.-H. Tan, Fitoterapia, 169, 105606 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105606
  22. B.R. Chhetri, N.K. Bhattacharyya, D. Dutta and K. Dolma, Bioscene, 21, 1312 (2024).
  23. N. Bala, S. Saha, P. Chakraborty, M. Maiti, M. Das, S.K. Basu, A. Nandy and S. Das, RSC Adv., 5, 4993 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA12784F
  24. F. Ahmed, N. Arshi, M.S. Anwar, R. Danish and B.H. Koo, RSC Adv., 4, 24088 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA02470B
  25. D.J. Binks and R.W. Grimes, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 76, 2370 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb07779.x
  26. S.M. Mousavi-Kouhi, A. Beyk-Khormizi, M.S. Amiri, M. Mashreghi and M.E. Taghavizadeh Yazdi, Ceram. Int., 47, 21490 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.160
  27. K.R. Basavalingiah, S. Harishkumar, G. Udayabhanu, G. Nagaraju, D. Rangappa and Chikkahanumantharayappa, SN Appl. Sci., 1, 935 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-0863-z
  28. M. Hosny, M. Fawzy and A.S. Eltaweil, Sci. Rep., 12, 7316 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11014-0
  29. M.A. Abu-Dalo, S.A. Al-Rosan and B.A. Albiss, Polymers, 13, 3451 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193451
  30. P.A. Luque, H.E. Garrafa-Gálvez, O. Nava, A. Olivas, M.E. Martínez-Rosas, A.R. Vilchis-Nestor, A. Villegas-Fuentes and M.J. Chinchillas-Chinchillas, Ceram. Int., 47, 23861 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.05.094
  31. N. Siva, D. Sakthi, S. Ragupathy, V. Arun and N. Kannadasan, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 253, 114497 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2020.114497
  32. S. Sudarsan, M. Kumar Shankar, A. Kumar Belagal Motatis, S. Shankar, D. Krishnappa, C.D. Mohan, K.S. Rangappa, V.K. Gupta and C.N. Siddaiah, Biomolecules, 11, 259 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11020259
  33. S. Lokina, A. Stephen, V. Kaviyarasan, C. Arulvasu and V. Narayanan, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 76, 256 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.010
  34. M.N. Cardoza-Contreras, A. Vasquez-Gallegos, A. Vidal-Limon, J.M. Romo-Herrera, S. Aguila and O.E. Contreras, Catalysts, 9, 165 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9020165
  35. E. Pazos-Ortiz, J.H. Roque-Ruiz, E.A. Hinojos-Márquez, J. López-Esparza, A. Donohué-Cornejo, J.C. Cuevas-González, L.F. Espinosa-Cristóbal and S.Y. Reyes-López, J. Nanomater., 2017, 4752314 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4752314
  36. N.A.R. Gow, J.P. Latge and C.A. Munro, Microbiol. Spectr., 5, FUNK-0035-2016 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0035-2016
  37. L.E. Cowen, D. Sanglard, S.J. Howard, P.D. Rogers and D.S. Perlin, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 5, a019752 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019752
  38. S. Soren, S. Kumar, S. Mishra, P.K. Jena, S.K. Verma and P. Parhi, Microb. Pathog., 119, 145 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.048
  39. R. Rajeswari and H.G. Prabu, Process Biochem., 93, 36 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.010
  40. S. Paul, J.P. Saikia, S.K. Samdarshi and B.K. Konwar, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 321, 3621 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.07.004
  41. R. Mandal, S. Ghosh, T. Mandal and P. Sahoo, React. Chem. Eng., 8, 143 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202203353
  42. F.A. Alharthi, A.A. Alghamdi, N. Al-Zaqri, H.S. Alanazi, A.A. Alsyahi, A. El-Marghany and N. Ahmad, Sci. Rep., 10, 20229 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-77426-y
  43. P. Panchal, D.R. Paul, A. Sharma, P. Choudhary, P. Meena and S.P. Nehra, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 563, 370 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.079
  44. M. Nandasana, T. Imboon, R. Layek, A. Dey, P. Pandya, V.S. Parihar, M.S. Tawre, S. Sutar, P. Kumbhakar, K. Pardesi, S. Thongmee and S. Ghosh, Environ. Sci. Adv., 4, 97 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1039/D4VA00295D
  45. D. Thatikayala, V. Banothu, J. Kim, D.S. Shin, S. Vijayalakshmi and J. Park, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 31, 5324 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03093-4
  46. H. Lim, M. Yusuf, S. Song, S. Park and K.H. Park, RSC Adv., 11, 8709 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA10945B
  47. L. Bai, X. Zhang, Z. Ding, X. Wang and Y. Huang, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 103, 118 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.08.002
  48. E. Makauki, S.G. Mtavangu, O.D. Basu, M. Rwiza and R. Machunda, Discov. Nano, 18, 142 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-023-03925-2
  49. B.A. Fahimmunisha, R. Ishwarya, M.S. AlSalhi, S. Devanesan, M. Govindarajan and B. Vaseeharan, J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 55, 101465 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101465
  50. N. Jomehzadeh, Z. Koolivand, E. Dahdouh, A. Akbari, A. Zahedi and N. Chamkouri, Mater. Today Commun., 27, 102457 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102457
  51. M.C. Jobe, D.M.N. Mthiyane, M. Mwanza and D.C. Onwudiwe, Heliyon, 8, e12243 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.es12243
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 23 Download : 16
PlumX