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Vol. 37 No. 11 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 11, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Surabhi Mandal surabhi, Faruk Alam, Mrinmoy Nag, Moidul Islam Judder, Bhupendra Shrestha, Alindam Ghosh, Avik Dutta, Sarbani Roy, Mohidul Islam

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Eco-Compatible Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Influencing Parameters, Characterization, Advancement and Applications

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.34459
Faruk Alam
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5268-3171
Mrinmoy Nag
NEF College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Haibargaon, Fauzdaripatty, Nagaon-782001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-5915
Moidul Islam Judder
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati-781035, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7415-4702
Surabhi Mandal
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar-737136, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-8623
Bhupendra Shrestha
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar-737136, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1073-0603
Alindam Ghosh
DmbH Institute of Medical Science, Dadpur, Puinan, Hooghly-712305, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1643-5458
Avik Dutta
DmbH Institute of Medical Science, Dadpur, Puinan, Hooghly-712305, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2767-0141
Sarbani Roy
Department of Pharmacology, Mata Gujri College of Pharmacy, Purabpali Road, Kishanganj-855107, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4862-0594
Mohidul Islam
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati-781026, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-6501

Corresponding Author(s) : Surabhi Mandal

surabhizofficial@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 11 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 11, 2025

Abstract

The field of nanotechnology continues to offer profound implications across biomedical, environmental and materials science domains with metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) at the forefront due to their size-dependent physical and chemical attributes. This review provides a critical evaluation of the biosynthesis of MNPs particularly gold (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing plant-derived phytochemicals and microbial metabolites as reducing and stabilizing agents. The biosynthetic route is compared against conventional top-down and bottom-up methods, with specific attention to the influence of synthesis parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, extract concentration) on nanoparticle morphology, yield and surface chemistry. The unique optical and surface plasmon resonance properties of noble metals are discussed in the context of their biomedical applications, notably in antimicrobial coatings, cancer therapeutics, drug delivery vectors and diagnostic platforms. Moreover, functional nanoparticles of other metals (Pd, Cu, Fe, Fe3O4, α-Fe2O4, and nZVI) are examined for their roles in catalysis, pollutant degradation and water treatment. The review also delineates analytical techniques employed in nanoparticle characterization, encompassing structural, compositional, and surface profiling. Finally, the clinical relevance and translational potential of green-synthesized MNPs are contextualized within the broader framework of sustainable nanomaterials development.

Keywords

Synthesis Mechanism Factors affecting Nanoscale metal
(1)
Alam, F.; Nag, M.; Judder, M. I.; Mandal, S.; Shrestha, B.; Ghosh, A.; Dutta, A.; Roy, S.; Islam, M. Eco-Compatible Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Influencing Parameters, Characterization, Advancement and Applications. ajc 2025, 37, 2617-2630.
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