Analysis of Heavy Metal Contents by Using Poly Aluminum Chloride Water Treatment Residuals and their Implications for Land Application

Ali-Akbar Babaei; Gholamreza Goudarzi; Hassan Dehdari Rad; Leila Atari

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2014.17483

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 22 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 22

Issue Published : November 6, 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Contents by Using Poly Aluminum Chloride Water Treatment Residuals and their Implications for Land Application

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.17483

Ali-Akbar Babaei

Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Gholamreza Goudarzi

Hassan Dehdari Rad

Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Leila Atari

Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Corresponding Author(s) : Leila Atari

atari_leila@yahoo.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 26 No. 22 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 22
Article Published : November 6, 2014

Abstract

Twenty four poly aluminum chloride water treatment residual (PACl-WTR) samples were analyzed for some important heavy metals using ICP-OES apparatus. Results showed that heavy metal contents of poly aluminum chloride water treatment residuals in the wet season were higher than those in the dry season. The order of magnitude in the residual metal concentrations of poly aluminum chloride water treatment residuals was Al > Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Ba > Cu > Cr > Pb > Co > Sb > As > V > Cd. Aluminum concentrations in poly aluminum chloride water treatment residuals were found lower than those levels in the alum sludge of other studies. Moreover, relatively high concentrations of heavy metals and origin of some metal contaminants such as As, Sb and V may be due to the poor quality of the poly aluminum chloride coagulant. According to the results of this study, the poly aluminum chloride water treatment residuals have the potential to be used on land, but for this purpose, considerations must be taken as to the existing background soil characteristics, particularly, the Cr and Ni concentrations.

Keywords

Poly aluminum chloride Water treatment residue Land application Seasonal variation Heavy metals

Babaei, A.-A., Goudarzi, G., Dehdari Rad, H., & Atari, L. (2014). Analysis of Heavy Metal Contents by Using Poly Aluminum Chloride Water Treatment Residuals and their Implications for Land Application. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26(22), 7651–7656. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.17483

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References

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References

J.A. Ippolito, K.A. Barbarick and H.A. Elliott, J. Environ. Qual., 40, 1 (2011); doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0242.

L.W. Titshall and J.C. Hughes, Water SA, 31, 299 (2005).

H.A. Elliott, B.A. Dempsey and P.J. Maille, J. Environ. Qual., 19, 330 (1990); doi:10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900020021x.

R.B. Sotero-Santos, O. Rocha and J. Povinelli, Water Res., 39, 3909 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.030.

P. Verlicchi and L. Masotti, in 9th International Conference on the FAO ESCORENA Network on Recycling of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial Residues in Agriculture, Gargeno, Italy (2001).

H.B. Dharmappa, A. Hasia and P. Hagare, Water Sci. Technol., 35, 45 (1997); doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00150-9.

A.O. Babatunde and Y.Q. Zhao, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 129 (2007); doi:10.1080/10643380600776239.

E. Lombi, D.P. Stevens and M.J. McLaughlin, Environ. Pollut., 158, 2110 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.03.006.

M.L. Silveira, J.L. Driscoll, C.P. Silveira, D.A. Graetz, L.E. Sollenberger and J.M.B. Vendramini, Agron. J., 105, 796 (2013); doi:10.2134/agronj2012.0385.

A.M. Mahdy, E.A. Elkhatib and N.O. Fathi, J. Environ. Sci. Water Resour., 1, 276 (2012).

F. Vaezi and F. Batebi, Iran. J. Public Health, 30, 135 (2001).

J. Nouri, A.H. Mahvi, G.R. Jahed and A.A. Babaei, Environ. Geol, 55, 1337 (2008); doi:10.1007/s00254-007-1081-3.

H.B. Shao, Salt Marshes: Ecosystem, Vegetation and Restoration Strategies, NOVA Science Publishers, New York (2012).

M. Kimura, Y. Matsui, K. Kondo, T.B. Ishikawa, T. Matsushita and N. Shirasaki, Water Res., 47, 2075 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.037.

USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Method for Acid digestion of sediments,sludges and soils. method No. 3050B, Revision 2 (1996).

J.A. Ippolito, K.G. Scheckel and K.A. Barbarick, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 338, 48 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2009.06.023.

S. Agyin-Birikorang, G.A. O'Connor and T.A. Obreza, Extension Letter SL 299 University of Florida, 8 (2009).

A. Hovsepyan and J.C.J. Bonzongo, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 73 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.121.

R.C. Kaggwa, C.I. Mulalelo, P. Denny and T.O. Okurut, Water Res., 35, 795 (2001); doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00301-8.

T.G. Townsend, Y.C. Jang, P. Jain, and T. Tolaymat, Characterization of Drinking Water Sludges for Beneficial Reuse and Disposal, Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, pp. 1-89 (2001).

A.O. Babatunde, Y.Q. Zhao, A.M. Burke, M.A. Morris and J.P. Hanrahan, Environ. Pollut., 157, 2830 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.016.

D.A. Cornwell, AWWA J., 92, 78 (2000).

K.P. Chen and J.J. Jiao, Environ. Pollut., 151, 576 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.004.

B.O. Ekpo and U.J. Ibok, Environ. Geochem. Health, 20, 113 (1998); doi:10.1023/A:1006528324687.

V. Pragatheeswaran, B. Loganathan, A. Ramesh and V.K. Venugopalan, Mahasagar-Bull. Nat. Inst. Oceanogr., 19, 39 (1986).

G. Ananthan, P. Sampathkumar, P. Soundarapandian and L. Kannan, Indian J. Fish., 52, 501 (2005).

G. Ananthan, P. Sampathkumar, C. Palpandi and L. Kannan, J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 16, 185 (2006).

R. Karthikeyan, S. Vijayalakshmi and T. Balasubramanian, J. Microbiol., 2, 50 (2007).

R. Sankar, L. Ramkumar, M. Rajkumar, J. Sun and G. Ananthan, J. Environ. Biol., 31, 681 (2010).

USEPA (Unitate States Environmental Protection Agency) Part 503 - Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge, Fed. Regist., 58, 9387 (1993).

CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment), Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for Protection of Environmental and Human Health; Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines; http://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/ (2010).

Issue

Vol. 26 No. 22 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 22

Analysis of Heavy Metal Contents by Using Poly Aluminum Chloride Water Treatment Residuals and their Implications for Land Application

Corresponding Author(s) : Leila Atari

Abstract

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