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A Novel ZnF2-Catalyzed Esterification of Oleic Acid
Corresponding Author(s) : Guofang Jiang
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 26 No. 22 (2014): Vol 26 Issue 22
Abstract
Esterification reactions of oleic acid with alcohols have been performed by using zinc fluoride as catalyst. High conversion and good yields were obtained. In this study, the influence of various reaction parameters such as reaction time, catalyst loading and mole ratio of starting materials were investigated. With a mole ratio of oleic acid to glycerol of 3.4, 15 wt % zinc fluoride added and the reaction were completed smoothly at 170 °C for 8 h with good yield of 81.9 % and the esterification rate reached 97.5 %. The ester was easily separated from the reaction mixture and the zinc fluoride used could be recycled and reused at least five times without obvious loss of catalytic efficiency.
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- O.J. Esterification, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co KGaA, Weinheim (2003).
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- M. Gruffaz and O. Micaelli, USP 4275228 (1981).
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- Y.W. Jiang, J. Lu, K.A. Sun, L.L. Ma and J.C. Ding, Energy Convers. Manage., 76, 980 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.08.011.
References
P.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, Chap. 5 (1999).
O.J. Esterification, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co KGaA, Weinheim (2003).
S.R. Sandler and W. Karo, In: Organic Functional Group Preparations, Organic Chemistry, Academic Press, New York, Vol. 12, Chap. 10 (1968).
P. Mäki-Arvela, T. Salmi, M. Sundell, K. Ekman, R. Peltonen and J. Lehtonen, Appl. Catal. A, 184, 25 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00081-2.
J.S. Wilkes, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 214, 11 (2004); doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2003.11.029.
Esso Research and Engineering Co, German Patent, 007,757 (1957).
K. Nagasawa, K. Ohhashi, A. Yamashita and K. Ito, Chem. Lett., 209 (1994); doi:10.1246/cl.1994.209.
M.A. Schwegler, H. Van Bekkum and N.A. De Munck, Appl. Catal., 74, 191 (1999).
L.N. Silva, V.L.C. Goncalves and C.J.A.Mota, Catal.Commun., 11, 1036 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2010.05.007.
V.L.C. Goncalves, B.P. Pinto, J.C. Silva and C.J.A. Mota, Catal. Today, 133-135, 673 (2008); doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.037.
G. Sartori and R. Maggi, Chem. Rev., 106, 1077 (2006); doi:10.1021/cr040695c.
A. Heidekum, M.A. Harmer and W.F. Hoelderich, J. Catal., 181, 217 (1999); doi:10.1006/jcat.1998.2300.
M. Gruffaz and O. Micaelli, USP 4275228 (1981).
P. Ferreira, I.M. Fonseca, A.M. Ramos, J. Vital and J.E. Castanheiro, Appl. Catal. B, 91, 416 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.06.009.
P. Ferreira, I.M. Fonseca, A.M. Ramos, J. Vital and J.E. Castanheiro, Catal. Commun., 10, 481 (2009); doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2008.10.015.
M. Balaraju, P. Nikhitha, K. Jagadeeswaraiah, K. Srilatha, P.S. Sai Prasad and N. Lingaiah, Fuel Process. Technol., 91, 249 (2010); doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.005.
B.R. Jermy and A. Pandurangan, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 237, 146 (2005); doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2005.04.034.
H.Q. Yang, H.Y. Song, H. Zhang, P. Chen and Z.X. Zhao, J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 381, 54 (2014); doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2013.10.001.
R.A. Sheldon and R.S. Downing, Appl. Catal. A, 189, 163 (1999); doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00274-4.
Y.W. Jiang, J. Lu, K.A. Sun, L.L. Ma and J.C. Ding, Energy Convers. Manage., 76, 980 (2013); doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2013.08.011.