Copyright (c) 2024 Pradeep Heregangur Keshavamurthysetty, Dipti H Patel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Synthesis of Nanocellulose Facilitated by Ionic Liquid using Pongamia pinnata as Biomass Resource
Corresponding Author(s) : H.K. Pradeep
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 36 No. 9 (2024): Vol 36 Issue 9, 2024
Abstract
The successful transformation of cellulose into nanocellulose was conducted from Pongamia pinnata utilizing ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-imidazolium chloride, as a swelling agent and catalyst. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of a fibrillar structure, disordered agglomerates, highly organized and smooth nanofibers. The studies confirmed the presence of thread-like structures and the existence of strong intermolecular linkages as that of cellulose. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the semicrystalline nature of nanocellulose retained and exhibited stable thermal characteristics. The utilization of 1-butyl-3-imidazolium chloride as a catalyst and swelling agent has presented an efficient and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of nanocellulose.
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- P.H. Keshavamurthysetty and D.H. Patel, Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res., 57(1s), s32 (2023); https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.1s.5
- R.H. Atalla and D.L. VanderHart, Science, 223, 223 (1984); https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4633.283
- H. Kobayashi, Y. Ito, T. Komanoya, Y. Hosaka, P.L. Dhepe, K. Kasai, K. Hara and A. Fukuoka, Green Chem., 13, 326 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1039/C0GC00666A
- L. Feng and Z. Chen, J. Mol. Liq., 142, 1 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2008.06.007
- J.K. Prasannakumar, G.K. Prakash, H.S. Onkarappa, B. Suresh and B.E. Basavarajappa, Asian J. Chem., 34, 2639 (2022); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23900
- N. Lin and A. Dufresne, Eur. Polym. J., 59, 302 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.025
- P. Jagadesh, A. Ramachandramurthy and R. Murugesan, Constr. Build. Mater., 176, 608 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.037
- S. Mahmoudian, M.U. Wahit, A.F. Ismail and A.A. Yussuf, Carbohydr. Polym., 88, 1251 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.088
- X.Y. Tan, S.B. Abd Hamid and C.W. Lai, Biomass Bioenergy, 81, 584 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.08.016
- N.A.M. Iskak, N.M. Julkapli and S.B.A. Hamid, Cellulose, 24, 2469 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1273-2
- A.S. Norfarhana, R.A. Ilyas, N. Ngadi and M.H. Dzarfan Othman, Heliyon, 10, e27715 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27715
- A.A. Shamsuri, S.N.A. Md. Jamil and K. Abdan, Front. Mater., 9, 919918 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2022.919918
- J.K. Prasannakumar, G.K. Prakash, B. Suresh, B.E. Basavarajappa, H.S. Onkarappa, B.K. Devendra and S.G. Prasannakumar, Asian J. Chem., 35, 83 (2023); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.23999
- D.M. Panaitescu, S. Vizireanu, C.A. Nicolae, A.N. Frone, A. Casarica, L.G. Carpen and G. Dinescu, Nanomaterials, 8, 467 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8070467
- E.C. Lengowski, E.A. Bonfatti Júnior, L. Simon, G.I.B. de Muñiz, A.S. de Andrade, S. Nisgoski and U. Klock, Cellulose, 27, 10855 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03232-4
References
P.H. Keshavamurthysetty and D.H. Patel, Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res., 57(1s), s32 (2023); https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.1s.5
R.H. Atalla and D.L. VanderHart, Science, 223, 223 (1984); https://doi.org/10.1126/science.223.4633.283
H. Kobayashi, Y. Ito, T. Komanoya, Y. Hosaka, P.L. Dhepe, K. Kasai, K. Hara and A. Fukuoka, Green Chem., 13, 326 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1039/C0GC00666A
L. Feng and Z. Chen, J. Mol. Liq., 142, 1 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2008.06.007
J.K. Prasannakumar, G.K. Prakash, H.S. Onkarappa, B. Suresh and B.E. Basavarajappa, Asian J. Chem., 34, 2639 (2022); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23900
N. Lin and A. Dufresne, Eur. Polym. J., 59, 302 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.025
P. Jagadesh, A. Ramachandramurthy and R. Murugesan, Constr. Build. Mater., 176, 608 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.037
S. Mahmoudian, M.U. Wahit, A.F. Ismail and A.A. Yussuf, Carbohydr. Polym., 88, 1251 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.088
X.Y. Tan, S.B. Abd Hamid and C.W. Lai, Biomass Bioenergy, 81, 584 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.08.016
N.A.M. Iskak, N.M. Julkapli and S.B.A. Hamid, Cellulose, 24, 2469 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1273-2
A.S. Norfarhana, R.A. Ilyas, N. Ngadi and M.H. Dzarfan Othman, Heliyon, 10, e27715 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27715
A.A. Shamsuri, S.N.A. Md. Jamil and K. Abdan, Front. Mater., 9, 919918 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2022.919918
J.K. Prasannakumar, G.K. Prakash, B. Suresh, B.E. Basavarajappa, H.S. Onkarappa, B.K. Devendra and S.G. Prasannakumar, Asian J. Chem., 35, 83 (2023); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.23999
D.M. Panaitescu, S. Vizireanu, C.A. Nicolae, A.N. Frone, A. Casarica, L.G. Carpen and G. Dinescu, Nanomaterials, 8, 467 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8070467
E.C. Lengowski, E.A. Bonfatti Júnior, L. Simon, G.I.B. de Muñiz, A.S. de Andrade, S. Nisgoski and U. Klock, Cellulose, 27, 10855 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03232-4