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Vol. 36 No. 10 (2024): Vol 36 Issue 10, 2024

Copyright (c) 2024 Ghulam Murtaza Arain, Sumaira, Nazia , Javed

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Hydrochemistry using Water Quality Index in District Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32456
Ghulam Murtaza Arain
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, University Road, Karachi, Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-2896
Sumaira Khatoon
Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-7034
Nazia Sattar
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, University Road, Karachi, Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9214-0719
Javed Mustaquim
Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-3767

Corresponding Author(s) : Ghulam Murtaza Arain

drmurtaza1977@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 36 No. 10 (2024): Vol 36 Issue 10, 2024

Abstract

Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in the rural areas of Sindh province, including District Mirpur Khas of Pakistan. This study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of groundwater in Mirpur Khas for drinking purposes. In October and November 2018, the groundwater samples were collected from 50 bore wells and analyzed 17 physico-chemical parameters. The pH ranged from 7.8 to 8.8, indicating the slightly alkaline nature of the water. The mean abundance of major cations is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and for major anions, it is SO42– > Cl– > HCO3– > NO3– > F–. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater samples show that 29 have a mixed composition, Na+-K+-Cl– characterized by 17 and the remaining 4 fall into the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3– category. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated based on WHO standards for drinking water using 16 physico-chemical parameters. The computed WQI values range from 20.4 to 503.1. Out of the 50 samples, 9 are classified as ‘excellent,’ 21 as ‘good,’ 13 as ‘poor,’ 4 as ‘very poor,’ and 3 as ‘unsuitable for drinking.’ The average WQI value is 118.7 for 50 samples, which falls under the ‘good’ category. Turbidity and EC exhibited the highest mean effective weight values, indicating their significant influence on the WQI values.

Keywords

Groundwater Mirpur Khas Pakistan Physico-chemical properties Water quality index
Arain, G. M., Khatoon, S., Sattar, N., & Mustaquim, J. (2024). Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Hydrochemistry using Water Quality Index in District Mirpur Khas, Sindh, Pakistan. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 36(10), 2405–2415. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32456
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