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Vol. 38 No. 10 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 10, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Moondra Zubir, Jasmidi Jasmidi, Saronom Silaban, Trisna Kumala Sari, Rini Selly; Adelia Febriyossa; Iis Siti Jahro; Putri Faradilla, Yunita Dwi Utami, Lidia Mutia Sari

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Composite of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches-derived Carbon with Metal Organic Frameworks for Recovery of β-Carotene in Crude Palm Oil

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36550
Jasmidi
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-1788
S. Silaban
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-3216
T.K. Sari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Air Tawar, Padang, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-4352
R. Selly
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2087-0081
A. Febriyossa
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0117-3384
I.S. Jahro
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8098-3363
Y.D. Utami
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9884-4863
L.M. Sari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3917-9992
P. Faradilla
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1349-8951
M. Zubir
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan Estate, Medan, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-757X

Corresponding Author(s) : M. Zubir

moondrazubir@unimed.ac.id

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 10 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 10, 2026

Abstract

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of activated carbon composites from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) modified with a metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on Cu(II) and benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) for adsorption and isolation of β-carotene in crude palm oil (CPO). Two types of composites were synthesized with variations in the ratio of activated carbon: Cu(II):BDC ligand, namely PC-CB-1 (3:1:2) and PC-CB-2 (2:1:3) using the reflux method. XRD characterization showed PC-CB-2 had a higher crystallinity, while PC-CB-1 was dominated by the amorphous phase of activated carbon. SEM analysis confirmed that PC-CB-1 has porous structure compared to PC-CB-2. Adsorption tests indicated that PC-CB-1 had the highest β-carotene adsorption capacity ~10.6 mg/g for 90 min and PC-CB-2 showed a lower adsorption capacity (~6.3 mg/g) but excelled in the desorption (isolation) process with efficiency of ~88% in the first 30 min. This indicates a trade-off which carbon dominance (PC-CB-1) enhances capacity through surface area, while MOFs dominance (PC-CB-2) improves selectivity and ease of release through π-π and coordination interactions. This study concludes that controlling the composite ratio is a key parameter in optimizing adsorbent performance for purification and isolation of bioactive compounds from CPO.

Keywords

Activated carbon Metal organic frameworks Carbon composite β-Carotene Adsorption Crude palm oil
(1)
Jasmidi; Silaban, S.; Sari, T.; Selly, R.; Febriyossa, A.; Jahro, I.; Utami, Y.; Sari, L.; Faradilla, P.; Zubir, M. Composite of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches-Derived Carbon With Metal Organic Frameworks for Recovery of β-Carotene in Crude Palm Oil. ajc 2026, 38, 2653-2660.
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