Issue

Vol. 38 No. 9 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 9 Year 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Snehal Darandale, RUPALI MURADE, Amit Waghmare, DINESH HASE, VAISHALI MURADE

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of NiFe2O4 Immobilized on Reduced Graphene Oxide: Characterization and Photocatalytic Application for Environmental Remediation

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36450
Snehal V. Daranadale
Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune) Pravaranagar, Loni KD-413713, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8074-921X
Rupali D. Murade
Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune) Pravaranagar, Loni KD-413713, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2247-7814
Amit S. Waghmare
Department of Chemistry, Arts, Commerce and Science College, (Affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune), Satral-413711, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2693-7275
Dinesh P. Hase
Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy (Autonomous), Sangamner-422608, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-4783
Vaishali D. Murade
Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune) Pravaranagar, Loni KD-413713, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0211-1401

Corresponding Author(s) : Vaishali D. Murade

vaishali.hase66@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 9 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 9 Year 2026

Abstract

Wastewater generated by the textile industry contains substantial amounts of organic pollutants, particularly synthetic dyes, which pose serious risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. The removal of these contaminants from water bodies is essential, necessitating the development of cost-effective and efficient treatment strategies. The present study focuses on the development of cost-effective nanostructured materials for dye removal from wastewater and antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A NiFe2O4/rGO heterojunction was synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized to assess its structure, morphology and optical properties. The synthesized material was evaluated for its catalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dyes and NiFe2O4/rGO (10%) showed 98.01% and 98.53% removal of MB and MG dyes, respectively, in 120 min. The catalytic removal rate of NiFe2O4/rGO (10%) heterojunction was much faster (98.01%; 98.53%) than the pure NiFe2O4 (73.43%; 73.16%) under visible light illumination. The substantial stability and reusability of the heterojunction were assessed through repeated photocatalytic degradation cycles. Its antibacterial activity was evaluated against the selected multidrug-resistant microorganisms, with NiFe2O4/rGO exhibiting significant zones of inhibition against both bacterial strains. These findings support the potential application of NiFe2O4/rGO in wastewater treatment, particularly for the removal of organic dyes and bacterial contaminants.

Keywords

Nickel ferrite Reduced graphene oxide Malachite green Methylene blue Photocatalytic removal Antibacterial activity
(1)
Daranadale, S. V.; Murade, R. D.; Waghmare, A. S.; Hase, D. P.; Murade, V. D. One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of NiFe2O4 Immobilized on Reduced Graphene Oxide: Characterization and Photocatalytic Application for Environmental Remediation. ajc 2026, 38, 2463-2480.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J. Hubeny, M. Harnisz, E. Korzeniewska, M. Buta, W. Zielinski, D. Rolbiecki, J. Giebultowicz, G. Nalecz-Jawecki and G. Plaza, PLoS One, 16, e0252691 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252691
  2. A. Periyasamy, Sustainability, 16, 495 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020495
  3. S. Agustin, A. Kusdiana, W. Rahmah, H. Rusli and G. Kadja, J. Nanopart. Res., 26, 94 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-05996-3
  4. S. Gad, V. Murade, S. Nadaf, D. Hase, P. Salve, M. Kalaskar, M. Ayyanar, M. Saoji, N. Gurav and S. Gurav, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 322, 146951 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146951
  5. K. Obaideen, N. Shehata, E. Sayed, M. Abdelkareem, M. Mahmoud and A. Olabi, Energy Nexus, 7, 100112 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100112
  6. E. Ateia and Y. Saeid, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 34, 118 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02799-2
  7. A. Alsukaibi, Processes, 10, 1968 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101968
  8. M. Tiwari and G. Joshi, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 115, 1096 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06315-x
  9. S. Musmade, D. Hase, A. Waghmare, K. Kadam, A. Gadhave, K. Bhavsar and V. Murade, J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 8, 406 (2023); https://doi.org/10.22090/jwent.2023.04.007
  10. S. Patel, D. Hase, K. Bhavsar and V. Murade, J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 10, 141 (2025); https://doi.org/10.22090/jwent.2025.02.003
  11. I. Salahshoori, M. Namayandeh Jorabchi, S. Ghasemi, S.M.S. Mirnezami, M.A.L. Nobre and H.A. Khonakdar, J. Water Process Eng., 55, 104081 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104081
  12. G. Delpiano, D. Tocco, L. Medda, E. Magner and A. Salis, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22, 788 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020788
  13. M. Mohammadnejad, N. Nekoo, S. Alizadeh, S. Geranmayeh and S. Sadeghi, Sci. Rep., 13, 17981 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45075-6
  14. N. Al-Kadhi, E. Abdelrahman, F. Alamro, F. Saad and D. Al-Raimi, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 35, 5092 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-024-03577-4
  15. J. Xu, T. Wang, M. Wei, Y. Yang, D. Li, H. Yu and X. Dong, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 136, 615 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2024.02.050
  16. S. Jaafar, R. Faeq, A. Naji, O. Nief and M. Mohammed, RSC Adv., 14, 26066 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05096G
  17. I.G. Diniz Dias de Azevedo, M.A. Morales Torres, C. Pereira de Souza and A.L. Lopes Moriyama, Catalysts, 14, 73 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14010073
  18. J. Navarro, C. Hurtado, M. Gonzalez-Castano, L. Bobadilla, S. Ivanova, F. Cumbrera, M. Centeno and J. Odriozola, J. CO2 Util., 68, 102356 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102356
  19. R. Chang, C. Ding, H. Long, X. Lv, T. Chun, C. Peng, R. Wei, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Y. Sun, X. Wang, S. Xue and W. Lv, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 682, 353 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2024.11.201
  20. F. Mirshafiee and M. Rezaei, Sci. Rep., 14, 20818 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71501-4
  21. A. Soufi, H. Hajjaoui, R. Elmoubarki, M. Abdennouri, S. Qourzal and N. Barka, Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv., 6, 100145 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100145
  22. S. Salih and W. Mahmood, Heliyon, 9, e16601 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16601
  23. S. Musmade, D. Hase, K. Kadam, G. Pandhare, K. Bhavsar, M. Khan, M. Khan, S. Gurav and V. Murade, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 35, 1708 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-024-03389-6
  24. A. Mondal, A. Prabhakaran, S. Gupta and V. Subramanian, ACS Omega, 6, 8734 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c06045
  25. M. Ahmed and A. Mohamed, RSC Adv., 13, 421 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA07225D
  26. V. Murade, S. Darandale and D. Hase, J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol., 11, 144 (2026); https://doi.org/10.22090/jwent.2026.01.10
  27. K. Rana, H. Kaur, N. Singh, T. Sithole and S. Siwal, Next Mater., 3, 100107 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2024.100107
  28. M. Mohammed, A. Naji, D. Ahmed, M. Jamai, M. Dehghanipour, E. Salih, S. Bhattarai, R. Pandey, J. Madan and M. Rahman, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 115, 1145 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-024-06619-y
  29. Q. Wu and Y. Song, Water Sci. Technol., 87, 1465 (2023); https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2023.077
  30. Z. Iqbal, M. Tanweer and M. Alam, ACS Omega, 8, 6376 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c06636
  31. J. Sin, S. Lam, H. Zeng, H. Lin, H. Li, L. Huang, A. Mohamed, K. Tham, and J. Lim, Environ. Res., 212, 113394 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113394
  32. Y. Yao, Z. Yang, D. Zhang, W. Peng, H. Sun and S. Wang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 6044 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1021/ie300271p
  33. N. Arumugham, A. Mariappan, J. Eswaran, R. Kanthapazham, S. Daniel and P. Kathirvel, J. Hazard. Mater. Adv., 8, 100156 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100156
  34. Y. Zhang and X. Li, Mater. Res. Bull., 197, 113981 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113981
  35. B. Palanivel and M. Alagiri, ChemistrySelect, 5, 9765 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202002519
  36. W. Shen, L. Zhang, B. Zhao, Y. Du and X. Zhou, Ceram. Int., 44, 9809 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.219
  37. N. Malesic-Eleftheriadou, E. Evgenidou, G. Kyzas, D. Bikiaris and D. Lambropoulou, Chemosphere, 234, 746 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.239
  38. P. Mahamuni-Badiger, P. Patil, M. Badiger, P. Patel, B. Thorat-Gadgil, A. Pandit and R. Bohara, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 108, 110319 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110319
  39. P. Mahamuni, P. Patil, M. Dhanavade, M. Badiger, P. Shadija, A. Lokhande and R. Bohara, Biochem. Biophys. Rep., 17, 71 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.11.007
  40. P. Mahamuni-Badiger, P. Patil, P. Patel, M. Dhanavade, M. Badiger, Y. Marathe and R. Bohara, New J. Chem., 44, 9754 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ01384F
  41. S. Shokri, N. Shariatifar, E. Molaee-Aghaee, G. Khaniki, P. Sadighara, M. Faramarzi, M. Mohammadi and A. Rezagholizade-Shirvan, Sci. Rep., 13, 15777 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42974-6
  42. L. Yao, Y. Wang, J. Zhao, Y. Zhu and M. Cao, Small, 19, e2208101 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202208101
  43. Z. Alaizeri, H. Alhadlaq, S. Aldawood, M. Javed Akhtar and M. Ahamed, Saudi Pharm. J., 31, 101735 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101735
  44. S. Divya, P. Sivaprakash, S. Raja, S. Muthu, E. Eed, S. Arumugam and T. Oh, Appl. Nanosci., 13, 1327 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-02026-9
  45. N. Esther, V. Judith, B. Al-Najar, L. Hazeem, M. Bououdina, K. John, K. Kombaiah and S. Bellucci, Bioinorg. Chem. Appl., 2022, 805490 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4805490
  46. N. Askari, N. Salarizadeh and M. Askari, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 32, 9765 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05636-9
  47. S. Rana, S. Basu and C. Mukhopadhyay, Mol. Divers., 26, 2561 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-021-10356-7
  48. Z. Yuan, Z. Chen, D. Chen and Z. Kang, Ultrason. Sonochem., 22, 188 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.07.009
  49. Renu, Komal, R. Kaur, J. Kaur, Jyoti, V. Kumar, K.B. Tikoo, S. Rana, A. Kaushik and S. Singhal, J. Electroanal. Chem., 887, 115161 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115161
  50. P. Shinde, C. Rout, D. Late, P. Tyagi and M. Singh, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 46, 2617 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.144
  51. B. Palanivel, C. Ayappan, V. Jayaraman, S. Chidambaram, A. Mani and R. Maheswaran, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process., 100, 87 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2019.04.040
  52. N. Dalai, B. Mohanty, A. Mitra and B. Jena, ChemistrySelect, 4, 7791 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201901465
  53. S. Kapoor, V. Kumar, K. Tikoo, B. Chudasama, N. Goel and S. Singhal, Ceram. Int., 46, 2724 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.262
  54. A. Behera, A.K. Kar and R. Srivastava, Inorg. Chem., 61, 12781 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01899
  55. T. Pajkossy, M.U. Ceblin and G. Mészáros, J. Electroanal. Chem., 899, 115655 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115655
  56. Y. Mao, J. Zhang, Y. Zhao, X. Wei, D. Jiang, L. Zhu, Y. Asakura, Q.M. Phung, H.N. Nam, H.-Y. Hsu and Y. Yamauchi, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 694, 137614 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.137614
  57. H. Xi, H. Wang, D. Liu, Q. Mu, X. Xu, Q. Kang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang and Z. Lei, J. Alloys Compd., 1010, 177818 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.177818
  58. P. Agboola and I. Shakir, J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 59, 686 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-022-00209-w
  59. X. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Tao, L. Shen, Z. Xu, Z. Bian and H. Li, Chem Catal., 2, 1315 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2022.04.007
  60. M. Tamilchezhiyan, A. Begum, M. Parthibavarman and S. Aravindan, Diamond Rel. Mater., 151, 111817 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2024.111817
  61. A. Alakshar, M. Goher, M. Abd El-Moghny and M. El-Deab, Desalination Water Treat., 320, 100676 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100676
  62. T. Ramasamy, L. Satheesh, V. Selvaraj, O. Bazaka, I. Levchenko, K. Bazaka and M. Mandhakini, Nanomaterials, 12, 3822 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213822
  63. S. Goktas, Chem. Afr., 7, 4425 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-024-01036-8
  64. M. Bagherzadeh, R. Kaveh, S. Ozkar and S. Akbayrak, Res. Chem. Intermed., 44, 5953 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3466-1
  65. T. Cui, Y. Zhang, Y. Yan, J. Zhao, K. Qi and J. Jiang, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 36, e6626 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.6626
  66. M. Cui, J. Jiang, Z. Song and T. Ren, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 158, 111559 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111559
  67. A. Ajami, S. Sheibani and A. Ataie, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 30, 2168 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.010
  68. D. Bopape, Z. Tetana, N. Mabuba, D. Motaung and N. Hintsho-Mbita, Results Chem., 5, 100825 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100825
  69. E. Mostafa and E. Amdeha, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 29, 69861 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20745-6
  70. S. Kerli, M. Kavgaci, A. Soguksu and B. Avar, Braz. J. Phys., 52, 22 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-021-01007-1
  71. K. Chitalkar, D. Hase, S. Gurav, S. Musmade, R. Gaikar, M. Sillanpaa, V. Murade and H. Aher, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater., 35, 6961 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-025-03705-8
  72. K.-H. Nguyen, T.-H. Le, T.-D. To, X.-D. Nghiem and D.T. Tran, Diamond Rel. Mater., 161, 113091 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2025.113091
  73. I. Jamil, A. Alasiri, F. Nawaz, M. Rashid, A.A. Elfar and M.E. Hoque, Nanomaterials, 16, 721 (2026); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16120721
  74. L. Mohanty, D. Sundar Pattanayak, R. Singhal, D. Pradhan and S. Kumar Dash, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 138, 109286 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109286
  75. K. Bhavsar, P. Labhane, V. Murade and G. Sonawane, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 160, 111901 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111901
  76. K. Bhavsar, P. Labhane, V.D. Murade, R.B. Dhake and G.H. Sonawane, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 133, 108958 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108958
  77. S. Kumar, R. Mahato, S. Ch and S. Kumbham, Microbe, 6, 100281 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100281
  78. W. Albuquerque, A. Macrae, O. Sousa, G. Vieira and R. Vieira, Braz. J. Microbiol., 38, 131 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822007000100027
  79. A. Rahman, S. Zulfiqar, A. Haq, I. Alsafari, U. Qazi, M. Warsi and M. Shahid, Ceram. Int., 47, 9513 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.12.085
  80. Y. Baek and Y. An, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 1603 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.014
  81. K. Rincon-Granados, A. Vazquez-Olmos, A. Rodriguez-Hernandez, A. Vega-Jimenez, F. Ruiz, V. Garibay-Febles and L. Ximenez-Fyvie, Materialia, 15, 100955 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100955
  82. K. Lingaraju, H. Raja Naika, H. Nagabhushana, K. Jayanna, S. Devaraja and G. Nagaraju, Arab. J. Chem., 13, 4712 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.11.003
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 2 Download : 0
PlumX