Issue

Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Chandrika, Srinivas Mutalik, Venkatesh, R, Poornima R. Kunder , Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy4, Dr. Vidya S.M

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Eco-Friendly Composite Film from Seaweed Biopolymer and Cyclea peltata: A Sustainable Material Study

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36159
Chandrika S. Tantry
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte-574110, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8889-6928
Srinivas Mutalik
Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-1928
Rajendran Venkatesh
P.G. Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G.N. Mills Post, Coimbatore-641049, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7881-5926
Poornima R. Kunder
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte-574110, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0663-1583
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy
Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore-560068, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4721-2062
Vidya Shimoga Muddappa
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte-574110, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-7466

Corresponding Author(s) : Vidya Shimoga Muddappa

drvidyasm@nitte.edu.in

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Abstract

A composite film was prepared by combining κ-carrageenan (KC) extracted from Eucheuma cottonii seaweed with a pectin-rich gel obtained from the leaves of Cyclea peltata (CP), a medicinal climber whose pectin has not previously been used for film fabrication. The film, formulated at a 3:1 (v/v) KC:CP ratio with 0.5% sorbitol, was investigated for its structural, thermal, mechanical, barrier, antimicrobial and soil-burial biodegradation behaviour, with KC and CP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the formation of an integrated matrix in which CP pectin interacts with KC through hydrogen bonding at peak intensification at 3300 cm–1. Mechanical testing showed that the composite film displayed higher elongation at break and lower water solubility than pure KC, with intermediate tensile strength. The water-vapour permeability of the composite was comparable to that of pure KC and soil-burial testing showed 74.5 ± 3% mass loss after 20 days. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reduction of 99.33%. Together, the data indicate that the KC-CP composite is a promising biopolymer-based film for short-shelf-life food-contact applications, with full oxygen-transmission-rate and shelf-life evaluation identified as the next stage of work.

Keywords

κ-Carrageenan Pectin Cyclea peltata Biopolymer food packaging Soil-burial biodegradation Water-vapour permeability
(1)
Tantry, C. S.; Mutalik, S.; Venkatesh, R.; Kunder, P. R.; Krishnaswamy, M. B.; Muddappa, V. S. Eco-Friendly Composite Film from Seaweed Biopolymer and Cyclea Peltata: A Sustainable Material Study. ajc 2026, 38, 1853-1861.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. I. Majid, S. Khan, A. Aladel, A.H. Dar, M. Adnan, M.I. Khan, A.M. Awadelkareem and S.A. Ashraf, CYTA J. Food, 21, 101 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2022.2157492
  2. S. Hyder and P.K. Bhargava, Int. J. Econ. Bus. Res., 11, 74422 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2016.074422
  3. A. Chopra and R. Mishra, Int. J. Res. Commer. Manag. Stud., 5, 11 (2023).
  4. M. Zhang, G.M. Biesold, W. Choi, J. Yu, Y. Deng, C. Silvestre and Z. Lin, Mater. Today, 53, 134 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2022.01.022
  5. S. Perveen, M.J. Anwar, T. Ismail, A. Hameed, M.F. Mahomoodally, S.S. Naqvi, F. Saeed, A. Imran, M. Hussain, M. Imran, H. Ur Rehman, T. Khursheed, T. Tufail, T. Mehmood, S.W. Ali and E. Al Jbawi, Int. J. Food Prop., 26, 1122 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2200606
  6. J. Cheng, R. Gao, Y. Zhu and Q. Lin, Alexandria Eng. J., 91, 70 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.01.080
  7. A. Kumar, A. Kumar, S. Wei, S. Chopra, S.G. Rudra and A. Rabbani, Appl. Food Res., 5, 101491 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2025.101491
  8. C. Muzeza, V. Ngole-Jeme and T. A. M. Msagati, Foods, 12, 3364 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183364
  9. A. Agarwal, B. Shaida, M. Rastogi and N.B. Singh, Chem. Afr., 6, 117 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-022-00446-w
  10. P. Ezati, Z. Riahi and J.-W. Rhim, ACS Sustain. Chem.& Eng., 9, 9300 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01957
  11. E. Park and K.H. Kwon, SciFood, 20, 1 (2026); https://doi.org/10.5219/scifood.83
  12. R. Gu, H. Yun, L. Chen, Q. Wang and X. Huang, ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 3, 602 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.9b00992
  13. M.K. Verma, S. Shakya, P. Kumar, J. Madhavi, J. Murugaiyan and M.V.R. Rao, J. Food Sci. Technol., 58, 4069 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-04964-2
  14. K.Y. Perera, A.K. Jaiswal and S. Jaiswal, Foods, 12, 2422 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12122422
  15. M.G. Kontominas, Foods, 9, 1440 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101440
  16. A. Karnwal, G. Kumar, R. Singh, M. Selvaraj, T. Malik and A.R.M. Al Tawaha, Food Chem. X, 25, 102171 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102171
  17. B. Mishra, J. Panda, A.K. Mishra, P.C. Nath, P.K. Nayak, U. Mahapatra, M. Sharma, H. Chopra, Y.K. Mohanta and K. Sridhar, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 279, 135583 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135583
  18. N. Basavegowda and K.H. Baek, Polymers, 13, 4198 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234198
  19. D. Ramakanth, K. Akhila, S. Singh, R. Sharma, L. Lakshman Rao, K. K. Gaikwad and P.K. Maji, ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 8, 8310 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01242
  20. R.K. Gupta, N. Sai Prasanna, J. Patel, S. Pipliya, S. Murugesan, S. Kumar and P.P. Srivastav, Food Humanity, 6, 101149 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101149
  21. A. Amoke and I.E. Kalu, Next Res., 7, 101501 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2026.101501
  22. S. Huang, Q. Dong, S. Che, R. Li and K.H.D. Tang, Sci. Total Environ., 969, 178911 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178911
  23. A.N. Al-Baarri, A.M. Legowo, H. Rizqiati, Widayat, A. Septianingrum, H.N. Sabrina, L.M. Arganis, R.O. Saraswati and R.C.P.R. Mochtar, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 102, 012056 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/102/1/012056
  24. F. Safarpour, M. Kharaziha, H. Mokhtari, R. Emadi, H.R. Bakhsheshi-Rad and S. Ramakrishna, Biomed. Mater., 18, 055005 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ace0ec
  25. I. Rahmawati, E. Liviawaty, R.I. Pratama and Junianto, Asian J. Fish. Aquat. Res., 23, 1 (2023); https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2023/v23i6617
  26. J. Anggraini and D. Lo, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 1169, 012098 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1169/1/012098
  27. J.S. Pereira and R.X. Faria, Curr. Nutr. Food Sci., 20, 466 (2024); https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401319666230418123401
  28. U. Hani, Alexandria Eng. J., 72, 307 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.04.008
  29. S. Bhatia, Y. Abbas Shah, A. Al-Harrasi, M. Jawad, E. Koca and L.Y. Aydemir, ACS Omega, 9, 9003 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c07366
  30. S. Febrianto, F.V. Praharsini, Z.F. Annas and N.I. Hanifa Sasambo, J. Pharm. (Cairo), 3, 69 (2022).
  31. A. Krishnan, J. Joseph and Sudha Kalyanikutty, eds.: K. Arunachalam, X. Yang and S.P. Sasidharan, The Utility of Natural Mucilage from the Medicinal Plant Patha (Cyclea peltata) as an Alternative for Solidifying Agent in Cell Growth Media; In: Natural Product Experiments in Drug Discovery, Springer Protocols Handbooks, Humana, New York, NY (2023).
  32. S. Nayak, K.B. Manjunatha, L. Goveas, C.V. Rao and S. Sajankila, Bionanoscience, 11, 884 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-021-00875-w
  33. C. Mellinas, M. Ramos, A. Jiménez and M.C. Garrigós, Materials, 13, 673 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030673
  34. A. Dirpan, Y. Deliana, A.F. Ainani, Irwan and N.A. Bahmid, Polymers, 16, 2783 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192783
  35. A. Valdés, N. Burgos, A. Jiménez and M.C. Garrigós, Coatings, 5, 865 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings5040865
  36. O. Yuliarti, S.Y. Chong and K.K.T. Goh, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 103, 1146 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.147
  37. T. Qiang, W. Ren and L. Chen, Food Hydrocolloids, 149, 109539 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109539
  38. R.A. Siqueira, J.M.L. Veras, T.L. Sousa, P.M. Farias, J.G. Oliveira Filho, M.R.V. Bertolo, M.B. Egea and G.R. Plácido, Food Sci. Technol., 42, e71421 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.71421
  39. I.P. Butler, R.A. Banta, A.A. Tyuftin, J. Holmes, S. Pathania and J. Kerry, Food Packag. Shelf Life, 40, 101224 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101224
  40. H. Pagarra, R.A. Rahman, R. Rachmawaty, Hartati and A.A. Azis, AIP Conf. Proc., 2030, 020178 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5066819
  41. S.M. Vidya, S. Chandrika and R. Poornima, The Process to Produce Clear Gel from Cyclea Leaves, Indian Patent Application No. 202441000422 (2024).
  42. M.H. Hosseini, S.H. Razavi and M.A. Mousavi, J. Food Process. Preserv., 33, 727 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00307.x
  43. ASTM E96/E96M, Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmi-ssion of Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2022).
  44. EN 1650, Chemical Disinfectants and Antiseptics–Quantitative Suspension Test for Evaluation of Fungicidal or Peasticidal Activity, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium (2019).
  45. ASTM G160-12, Standard Practice for Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of Nonmetallic Materials by Laboratory Soil Burial, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2017).
  46. N. Rokhati, F.D. Hapsari and A. Prasetyaningrum, AIP Conf. Proc., 2667, 050004 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0129789
  47. P. Amanda, I. Ismadi, R.S. Ningrum, S. Nabila and K.W. Prasetyo, Food Sci. Technol. Int., 30, 61 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1177/10820132221132912
  48. C. Santos, A. Ramos, Â. Luís and M.E. Amaral, Foods, 12, 2169 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12112169
  49. C. Panatarani, D. Praseptiangga, P. Widjanarko, Y.S. Azhary, P. Nurlilasari, E. Rochima and I.M. Joni, Membranes, 13, 100 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010100.
  50. B. Liu, H.B. Ye, Q.Y. Liang, L.L. Jiang, M.M. Chen and S.B. Yang, J. Sci. Food Agric., 103, 1964 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12395
  51. C. Cheng, S. Chen, J. Su, M. Zhu, M. Zhou, T. Chen and Y. Han, Front. Nutr., 9, 1004588 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1004588
  52. K. Ramesh and P.V. Chellam, eds.: S. Ahmed, Carrageenan-Based Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications, In: Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications, Woodhead Publishing, Chap.16, pp. 295-322 (2022).
  53. S.D. Subramaniam, W.A. Wan Yahaya, N.A. Mohd Azman, Z.I. Mohd Arshad and F. Basrawi, Chem. Eng. Technol., 46, 2513 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202300007
  54. R. Fu, H. Zhang, Y. Xie, X. Yang, W. Tang and W. Chen, Mater. Express, 12, 373 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2148
  55. V. Kola and I.S. Carvalho, Food Biosci., 54, 102860 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102860
  56. I.F. Olawuyi and W.Y. Lee, Polymers, 14, 4884 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14224884
  57. C. Wang, X. An, Y. Lu, Z. Li, Z. Gao and S. Tian, Polymers, 14, 4857 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14224857
  58. L.B. Avila, E.R.C. Barreto, C.C. Moraes, M.M. Morais and G.S. Rosa, Foods, 11, 792 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11060792
  59. T.R. Martiny, B.S. Pacheco, C.M.P. Pereira, M.S. Astorga-España, A. Mansilla, G.L. Dotto, C.C. Moraes and G.S. Rosa, Food Sci. Nutr., 8, 3147 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1554
  60. H.G.R. Younis and G. Zhao, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 131, 1057 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.096
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 3 Download : 3
PlumX