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Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Copyright (c) 2026 Mahima Chaudhary

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Bismuth and Antimony-based Nanoparticles: New Avenues for Sustainable Catalysis and Environmental Remediation

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.36050
Radhika Shah
Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
Mahima Chaudhary
Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-6815
Mudit Chauchan
Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
Aman Kumar
Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
Bhawana Pant
Department of Pharmacutical Science, DBS Global University, Dehradun-248007, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7302-6440
Mohit
Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India

Corresponding Author(s) : Mahima Chaudhary

mahimachaudhary9292@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 7 (2026): Vol. 38, No 7 (2026)

Abstract

Nanostructured bismuth- and antimony-containing photocatalysts have become increasingly popular in photocatalytic applications because of their strong visible-light response and adjustable band-gap energies. Compared with conventional photocatalysts such as TiO2 and ZnO, Bi-based and Sb-based photocatalysts exhibit broader visible-light absorption and more favourable electronic structures. Their photocatalytic performance can be readily tailored through various engineering strategies, including defect engineering, elemental doping, morphology control and heterojunction construction. This review article summarizes some of the successful uses of Bi- and Sb-based nanostructured semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate the influence of morphology variation, oxygen vacancies and the construction of Z-scheme or S-scheme heterojunctions on the enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi- and Sb-based nanomaterials. Recent developments in synthesis strategies and heterostructure design are also discussed in relation to improved catalytic activity and stability. Current challenges, including photocorrosion, catalyst deactivation, scalability, recyclability, and the potential ecotoxicity of Sb-containing materials, are highlighted, together with future perspectives for the development of sustainable and efficient photocatalytic systems.

Keywords

Bismuth nanoparticles Antimony nanoparticles Sustainable catalysis Environmental remediation Photocatalysis
(1)
Shah, R.; Chaudhary, M.; Chauchan, M.; Kumar, A.; Pant, B.; Mohit. Bismuth and Antimony-Based Nanoparticles: New Avenues for Sustainable Catalysis and Environmental Remediation. ajc 2026, 38, 1663-1682.
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