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Vol. 38 No. 9 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 9 Year 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Megala sivaprakasam, Paranthaman S.R, Rajabhuvaneswari A, Saravanan A, Ram Kumar G, Manoj Kumar S, Karumudi Sindhu, Shagirtha K, Akshaya K

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Green Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles from Leucas aspera Leaf Extract with Phytochemical Profiling, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential against Laryngeal Cancer

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35949
S. Megala
PG and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5268-3315
S.R. Paranthaman
PG Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, PERI College of Arts and Science, PERI IT Park, Manivakkam Tambaram-600048, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-3758
A. Rajabhuvaneswari
Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering & Technology, Padalam-603308, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5159-6543
Saravanan Alamelu
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608002, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3279-0133
G. Ram Kumar
PG and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2173-836X
M.K. Srinivasan
Department of ENT, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-602105, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2000-9514
Karumudi Sindhu
Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-602105, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6058-724X
K. Shagirtha
PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-3774
K. Akshaya
Department of Bio-medical Engineering, Surya Engineering College, Erode-638107, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6104-4628

Corresponding Author(s) : S. Megala

megalasivaprakasam@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 9 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 9 Year 2026

Abstract

The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous leaf extract of Leucas aspera and evaluate their antibacterial and anticancer activities. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, glycolysis-related compounds and steroids. GC-MS analysis identified 25 phytoconstituents, including lupeol, β-sitosterol, γ-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and retinyl palmitate, which may contribute to AgNPs formation and biological activity. UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed AgNPs formation through a characteristic SPR band at 415 nm, while XRD revealed a face-centered cubic crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 86.08 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the involvement of phenolic and flavonoid functional groups in Ag+ reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. SEM, EDX, DLS and zeta potential analyses revealed near-spherical nanoparticles with an average particle size of 65.82 nm, hydrodynamic diameter of 118.74 nm, negative surface charge of -26.78 mV and 64.27 wt.% Ag composition. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with MIC and MBC values of 100 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, AgNPs showed enhanced cytotoxicity against HEp-2 laryngeal carcinoma cells with an IC50 value of 236.63 µg/mL.

Keywords

Leucas aspera Silver nanoparticles Laryngeal cancer cells Antibacterial activity Anticancer activity GC-MS
(1)
Megala, S.; Paranthaman, S.; Rajabhuvaneswari, A.; Alamelu, S.; Kumar, G. R.; Srinivasan, M.; Sindhu, K.; Shagirtha, K.; Akshaya, K. Green Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles from Leucas Aspera Leaf Extract With Phytochemical Profiling, Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential Against Laryngeal Cancer. ajc 2026, 38, 2447-2454.
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