Copyright (c) 2026 Prashant Kumar, Anil Kumar Pal, Dharmendra Kumar Sahu

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Ruthenium(II) Metal Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands: XPS Study
Corresponding Author(s) : Dharmendra K. Sahu
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 38 No. 6 (2026): Vol. 38 Issue No 6, 2026
Abstract
In this work, bivalent ruthenium macrocyclic complexes of the general formula [RuCl2(MacL1-2)], where MacL1 and MacL2 denote macrocyclic ligands, were synthesised via a template condensation approach. The complexes [{RuCl2(MacL1)} and {RuCl2(MacL2)}] were obtained through the reaction of 1,3-diaminopropane with oxalic acid and succinic acid, respectively, in the presence of a Ru(II) precursor, maintaining a molar ratio of 2:2:1. The resulting complexes were characterised using a combination of physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques including molar conductance measurements, elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and spectral studies such as UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the analytical and spectral results, an octahedral geometry was proposed for both ruthenium(II) macrocyclic complexes.
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R.E. Mewis and S.J. Archibald, Coord. Chem. Rev., 254, 1686 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.025
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G. Ferraudi, J.C. Canales, B. Kharisov, J. Costamagna, J.G. Zagal, G. Cárdenas-Jirón and M. Páez, J. Coord. Chem., 58, 89 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1080/00958970512331328635
E.L. Gavey and M. Pilkington, Coord. Chem. Rev., 296, 125 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.017
H.A. El-Boraey and A.A.S. El-Din, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 132, 663 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.018
C. Kosmas, D. Snook, C.S. Gooden, N.S. Courtenay-Luck, M.J. McCall, C. F. Meares and A. A. Epenetos, Cancer Res., 52, 904 (1992).
U. Phageria, K. Atal, S. Kumari and S. Bugalia, Chem. Pap., 79, 7799 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-025-04288-x
A. A. S. Al-Hamdani and W. Al Zoubi, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 137, 75 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.057
A. A. Saleh, J. Coord. Chem. 58, 255 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972512331334199
T. Koike, T. Watanabe, S. Aoki, E. Kimura and M. Shiro, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 12696 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1021/ja962527a
R. Kanaoujiya, Meenakshi, S. Srivastava, R. Singh and G. Mustafa, Mater. Today Proc., 72, 2822 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.098
G.A. Melsen, Coordination Chemistry of Macrocyclic Compounds, Plenum Press: New York (1979); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2928-2
S. Chandra, R. Gupta, N. Gupta and S. S. Bawa, Transition Met. Chem., 31, 147 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11243-005-6194-5
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P.M. Reddy, A.V.S.S. Prasad, K. Shanker and V. Ravinder, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc., 68, 1000 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2007.03.002
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M. G. Bhowon, H. Li Kam Wah and R. Narain, Polyhedron, 18, 341 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(98)00301-5
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T. Rawling and A. McDonagh, Coord. Chem. Rev., 251, 1128 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.011
R. Kumar, I. Masih and N. Fahmi, Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc., 101, 100 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.029
I. P. Evans, A. Spencer and G. Wilkinson, J. Chem. Soc. Daltan Trans., 204 (1973); https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9730000204
A.I. Vogel, A Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, edn 4 (1978).
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R. Gulia, V. Sangwan and A. Singh, Asian J. Chem., 35, 2125 (2023); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.28087
Subhash, Jyoti, M. Gupta, A. Phor and A. Chaudhary, Res. Chem. Intermed., 50, 1081 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05124-1
S. Chauhan, M. Swami, S. Malik and R. V. Singh, Main Group Met. Chem., 31, 262 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1515/MGMC.2008.31.5.263
I. Masih, N. Fahmi and Rajkumar, J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 28, 33 (2013); https://doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2011.625022
O. AL-Obaidi and A.R.H. Al-Hiti, Am. Chem. Sci. J., 2, 1 (2012); https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2012/1063
S. K. Das Gupta, S. Rabi, D. Ghosh, F. Yasmin, B. K. Dey, S. Dey and T.G. Roy, J. Chem. Sci., 133, 7 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-020-01861-7
A.B.P. Lever, Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy, Elsevier: New York (1984).
U. Phageria, K. Atal, S. Kumari and S. Bugalia, Chem. Pap., 79, 7799 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-025-04288-x
R.V. Singh, N. Fahmi, M. Swami and S. Chauhan, J. Macromol. Sci. Part A Pure Appl. Chem., 45, 159 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320701786950
K. Rahul, M.A. Kumar, M.V. Kumar and S. Shekhar, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 25, 77 (2021).
R. Kanaoujiya, D. Kumar Sahu, V. Shankar, Garima and S. Srivastava, Mater. Today Proc., 62, 3497 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.303
M. M. T. Khan and S. Srivastava, Polyhedron, 7, 1063 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)86396-2
R. Ashish, S. Arpit, B.G. Kumar, S.S. Chandra and S. Shekhar, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 26, 153 (2022); https://doi.org/10.25303/2608rjce1530164
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