Statistical Parameters and Origin of Faecal Contamination in  Coastal Waters: Case of Abidjan City (Côte d’Ivoire)

Olivier Simon Kombo Mananga; Gansso Valentin Akilinon; Ahbeauriet Ahmed Ouattara; Ossey Bernard Yapo

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2026.35605

Issue

Vol. 38 No. 5 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 5, 2026

Issue Published : 4 May 2026

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Statistical Parameters and Origin of Faecal Contamination in Coastal Waters: Case of Abidjan City (Côte d’Ivoire)

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35605

Olivier Simon Kombo Mananga

Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7802-2464

Gansso Valentin Akilinon

Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0060-1725

Ahbeauriet Ahmed Ouattara

Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alassane Ouattara University, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0341-0000

Ossey Bernard Yapo

Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire; Central Environmental Laboratory of Ivorian Anti-Pollution Center, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Corresponding Author(s) : Olivier Simon Kombo Mananga

komanols@yahoo.fr

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 5 (2026): Vol 38, Issue 5, 2026
Article Published : 4 May 2026

Abstract

Bacterial contamination of coastal waters is the cause of various waterborne diseases. In this study, the levels of faecal contamination of coastal waters in the city of Abidjan were assessed. Water samples were collected from six stations located along the coast of the city of Abidjan. Bacterial densities D50 and D90 were determined using the rank method. The healthiness of beach waters was assessed according to WHO/UNEP criteria developed under Mediterranean (MED) POL.VII programme. Clostridium perfringens D50 concentrations exceeded the threshold of 100 CFU/100 mL in half of the stations. The D90 concentrations of faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci were all greater than 1,000 CFU/100 mL. The results obtained suggested that the pollution was mainly of human origin, with bacterial concentrations exceeding the recommended quality thresholds for bathing. According to the quality limits for bathing water, all beaches studied were of poor quality for bathing.

Keywords

Faecal contamination Degree of contamination Bacterial density Coastal water Pollution

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Kombo Mananga, O. S.; Akilinon, G. V.; Ouattara, A. A.; Yapo, O. B. Statistical Parameters and Origin of Faecal Contamination in Coastal Waters: Case of Abidjan City (Côte d’Ivoire). ajc 2026, 38, 1289-1294.

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References

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References

L. Lin, H. Yang and X. Xu, Front. Environ. Sci., 10, 880246 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.880246

P.A.G.M. Scheren, C. Kroeze, F J.J.G. Janssen, L. Hordijk and K.J. Ptasinski, J. Mar. Syst., 44, 1 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.08.002

S.K. Akpo, P.J.M. Ouattara, M.G. Eba, S. Ouffouet and L. Coulibaly, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 7, 621 (2016).

R.S. Fujioka, C.J. Hurst, G.R. Knudsen, M.J. McInerney, L.D. Stezenbach and M.V. Walter, Manual of Environmental Microbiology, ASM Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 176-183 (1997).

J.P.S. Cabral, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 7, 3657 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103657

A. Prüss, Int. J. Epidemiol., 27, 1 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/27.1.1

D.F.R. Meless, Ph.D. Thesis in Pharmacy, Characterization of Bathing Waters in the Atlantic Ocean: Case of Vridi Beach and Port-Bouët Centre, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, no. 1947/18, p. 129 (2018), (In French)

A. Giardino, R. Schrijvershof, C.M. Nederhoff, H. de Vroeg, C. Brière, P.-K. Tonnon, S. Caires, D.J. Walstra, J. Sosa, W. van Verseveld, J. Schellekens and C.J. Sloff, Ocean Coast. Manag., 156, 249 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.09.019

O.S.K. Mananga, G.V. Akilinon, K.L. Kouamé and O.S. Yapo, Res. J. Chem. Environ., 28, 927 (2024).

M.E. Eissa, Universal J. Pharmaceut. Res., 10, 96 (2025).

AFNOR, Water Quality, Major Elements, Other Elements and Mineral Compounds, Aubenas, Ardèche, edn 6, p. 635 (2021) (In French).

WHO/UNEP, Guidelines for Sanitary Surveillance of Coastal Water Quality, Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark, p. 177 (1977).

A. Lanusse, Ph.D. thesis in Science, Microbial Contamination of a Tropical Lagoon (Ébrié Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire). Influence of hydroclimate, Université de Provence (Aix-Marseille I), p. 147 (1987). (In French).

P. Dufour, Hydrobiologia, 94, 105 (1982); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00010889

A. Gansso Valentin, K. Mananga Olivier Simon, Y. Coulibaly and Y. Ossey Bernard, Am. J. Environ. Prot., 12, 15 (2024); https://doi.org/10.12691/env-12-2-1

A.M. Kouassi, D. Guiral and M. Dosso, Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop., 23, 181 (1990).

G.V. Akilinon, Ph.D. Dissertation in Environmental Science and Management and Risk of Eutrophication, Dynamics of Nutrient Inputs and Fecal Bacteria in the Estuarine Zone of Ébrié Lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire), Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, No. 707, pp. 189 (2021).

A.F. Borrego and P. Romero, Study of the Microbiological Pollution of a Malaga Coastal Area II. Relationship between Faecal Coliforms and Faecal Streptococci, 6th Study Day on Pollution, Cannes, France, pp. 561-569 (1982).

A. Freddi, F. Ricci, M. Coci, S. Guicciardi, S. Casabianca, P. Penna, L. Bolognini, M. Marini, A. Penna and E. Manini, Marine Pollut. Bull., 224, 119156 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119156

Y. Pan and S. Lou, Front. Marine Sci., 10, 1199807 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1199807

Author biographies is not available.