Issue

Vol. 38 No. 4 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 4, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Ved Prakash Arya, Alok Kumar Maurya, Nitesh Jaiswal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Synthesis, Characterisation, Computational Studies and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) Complexes with 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 2,4-Dimethylaniline Derived Schiff Base Ligands

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35515
Ved Prakash Arya
Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222003, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4191-0658
Alok Kumar Maurya
Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222003, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5822-8125
Nitesh Jaiswal
Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222003, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-4765

Corresponding Author(s) : Nitesh Jaiswal

njchem1@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 4 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 4, 2026

Abstract

A series of transition metal complexes derived from 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde based Schiff base ligand designed and synthesised. The Schiff base ligand 1 was prepared via condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 2,4-dimethylaniline. The corresponding complexes 2-4 of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions were synthesised using Schiff base ligand in 1:2 molar ratios. The synthesised ligand and its metal(II) complexes were characterised using elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP level with a basis set of 6-31G(d,p) were employed to optimize geometries, predict frontier molecular orbitals, compute HOMO–LUMO gaps and analyse electronic distribution. Non-liner optical properties of ligand and metal(II) complexes also computed using DFT method. The combined experimental and theoretical results suggest tetrahedral geometry in complex 2 and square-planar geometry in complexes 3 and 4.

Keywords

Schiff base Transition metal complex DFT HOMO-LUMO Gap NLO
(1)
Arya, V. P.; Maurya, A. K.; Jaiswal, N. Synthesis, Characterisation, Computational Studies and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) Complexes With 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde and 2,4-Dimethylaniline Derived Schiff Base Ligands. ajc 2026, 38, 1013-1019.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J. Ceramella, D. Iacopetta, A. Catalano, F. Cirillo, R. Lappano and M.S. Sinicropi, Antibiotics, 11, 191 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020191
  2. P.M. Thakor, J.D. Patel, R.J. Patel, S.H. Chaki, A.J. Khimani, Y.H. Vaidya, A.P. Chauhan, A.B. Dholakia, V.C. Patel, A.J. Patel, N.H. Bhavsar and H.V. Patel, ACS Omega, 9, 35431 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c02007
  3. R. Malav and S. Ray, RSC Adv., 15, 22889 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03626G
  4. A. Podolski-Renić, A. Čipak Gašparović, A. Valente, Ó. López, J.H. Bormio Nunes, C.R. Kowol, P. Heffeter and N.R. Filipović, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 270, 116363 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363
  5. P. G. Lacroix, S. Di Bella and I. Ledoux, Chem. Mater., 8, 541 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1021/cm950426q
  6. R.M. Ramadan, S.M. El‐Medani, A. Makhlouf, H. Moustafa, M.A. Afifi, M. Haukka and A. Abdel Aziz, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 35, 6246 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.6246
  7. M. Kumar, A.K. Singh, A.K. Singh, R.K. Yadav, S. Singh, A.P. Singh and A. Chauhan, Coord. Chem. Rev., 488, 215176 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215176
  8. S. Shi, S. Yu, L. Quan, M. Mansoor, Z. Chen, H. Hu, D. Liu, Y. Liang and F. Liang, J. Inorg. Biochem., 210, 111173 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111173
  9. M.A. Malik, O.A. Dar, P. Gull, M.Y. Wani and A.A. Hashmi, MedChemComm, 9, 409 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1039/C7MD00526A
  10. X. Liu, C. Manzur, N. Novoa, S. Celedón, D. Carrillo and J.R. Hamon, Coord. Chem. Rev., 357, 144 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.030
  11. T. Bhattacharjee, S. Adhikari, A.H. Sheikh, G. Mahmoudi, S. Mlowe, M.P. Akerman, N.A. Choudhury, S. Chakraborty, R.J. Butcher, A.R. Kennedy, B.S. Demir, A. Örs and Y. Saygideger, J. Mol. Struct., 1269, 133717 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133717
  12. A. Kumar, B. Virender, B. Mohan, A.A. Solovev, M. Saini and H.K. Sharma, Microchem. J., 180, 107561 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2022.107561
  13. R. Venkatesh, T. Murugan, A. Kubaib, L. Umamaheswari, P.M. Imran, M.R. AbdelGawwad, H. Alayadi and N.M. Alfrisany, Sci. Rep., 16, 2256 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-31991-2
  14. A.S. Basaleh, H.B. Howsaui, A.A. Sharfalddin and M.A. Hussien, Results Chem., 4, 100445 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100445
  15. S.A. Abdel‐Latif and H. Moustafa, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 31, e3876 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.3876
  16. S. Parvarinezhad, S. Ramezanipoor, M. Kubicki and M. Salehi, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 38, e7477 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.7477
  17. A. Abdou, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 39, 7900 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.7900
  18. S.D. Oladipo and R.C. Luckay, New J. Chem., 48, 13276 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NJ01621A.
  19. K.R. Nath Bhowmik, Asian J. Chem., 36, 2485 (2024); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.32594
  20. T. Ashraf, A. Maryam, R. Hussain, S. Rani, B. Ali, M. Imran, S. Ashraf, U. Rahim and S.H. Sumrra, J. Mol. Struct., 1323, 140804 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.140804
  21. C.E. Satheesh, P. Raghavendra Kumar, P.A. Suchetan, H. Rajanaika and S. Foro, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 515, 120017 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.120017
  22. V.K. Modanawal, S. Paswan, A. Anjum, M. Kumar, S. Srivastava and N. Jaiswal, J. Coord. Chem., 74, 3140 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2021.2022128
  23. M.J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb, J.R. Cheeseman, J.A. Montgomery Jr., T. Vreven, K.N. Kudin, J.C. Burant, J.M. Millam, S.S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, M. Cossi, S. Scalmani, N. Rega, G.A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Asegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Knox, J.E. Li, H.P. Hratchian, J.B. Cross, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R.E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A.J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J.W. Ochterski, P.Y. Ayala, K. Morokuma, G.A. Voth, P. Salvador, J.J. Dannenberg, V.G. Zakrzewski, S. Dapprich, A.D. Daniels, M.C. Strain, O. Farkas, D.K. Malick, A.D. Rabuck, K. Raghavachari, J.B. Foresman, J.V. Ortiz, Q. Cui, A.G. Baboul, S. Clifford, J. Ioslowski, B.B. Stefanov, G. Liu, A. Liashenko, P. Piskorz, I. Komaromi, R.L. Martin, D.J. Fox, T. Keith, M.A. AlLaham, C.Y. Peng, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, P.M.W. Gill, B. Johnson, W. Chen, M.W. Wong, C. Gonzalez and J.A. Pople, Gaussian 03, Revision E.01 (2009).
  24. W. Kohn and L.J. Sham, Phys. Rev., 140(4A), 1133 (1965); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133
  25. A.D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys., 98, 5648 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464913
  26. C. Lee, W. Yang and R.G. Parr, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 37, 785 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.37.785
  27. B. Miehlich, A. Savin, H. Stoll and H. Preuss, Chem. Phys. Lett., 157, 200 (1989); https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)87234-3
  28. H. Moustafa, G.G. Mohamed and S. Elramly, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. (Taipei), 67, 1783 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202000024
  29. S. Paswan, A. Anjum, N. Yadav, N. Jaiswal and R.K.P. Singh, J. Coord. Chem., 73, 686 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2020.1741557
  30. M. Kumar, A. Anjum, N. Jaiswal and R.K. Dubey, Asian J. Chem., 30, 1679 (2018); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21363
  31. K. Jagadesh Babu, D. Ayodhya and Shivaraj, Results Chem., 6, 101110 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2023.101110
  32. S.E.A. El-Razek, S.M. El-Gamasy, M. Hassan, M.S. Abdel-Aziz and S.M. Nasr, J. Mol. Struct., 1203, 127381 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127381
  33. R.V. Sakthivel, P. Sankudevan, P. Vennila, G. Venkatesh, S. Kaya and G. Serdaroğlu, J. Mol. Struct., 1233, 130097 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130097
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 0 Download : 0
PlumX