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Vol. 37 No. 12 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 12, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 G. Gowri Shanmugapriya, C. Yogambal, S. Umamaheswari, R. Rajikha, S. Analisa, C. Subramaniyan, V. Sathana

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Comparative Studies of Chemically and Green Synthesized CoFe2O4, Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4, Li0.5Co0.75Fe2O4 Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method for Electrical and Antibacterial Applications

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.35000
G. Gowri Shanmugapriya
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India; Department of Physics, V.R.S. College of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Villupuram-607107, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6634-3200
C. Yogambal
Department of Physics, IFET College of Engineering (Autonomous), Villupuram-605108, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-9195
S. Umamaheswari
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1490-8035
R. Rajikha
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-3382
S. Analisa
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2342-4618
C. Subramaniyan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, V.R.S. College of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Villupuram-607107, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0404-7695
V. Sathana
Department of Physics, St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore-607001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-1263

Corresponding Author(s) : V. Sathana

sathana@sjctnc.edu.in

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 12 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 12, 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the electrical and antibacterial properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nickel-doped cobalt ferrite (NixCo1-xFe2O4) and lithium-doped cobalt ferrite (LixCo1-x/2Fe2O4) where x = 0.5 synthesized via sol-gel technique using Allium sativum extract (green route) and citric acid (chemical route). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR to analyze their structural and morphological properties. The XRD analysis confirmed that Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4, Li0.5Co0.75Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 compounds are well-crystallized and adopt a cubic spinel structure. The SEM images show distinct morphological changes between the variation of materials synthesis namely, chemically synthesized nanoparticles exhibit well-structured cubic phase, whereas green-synthesized nanoparticles display encapsulated and some irregular morphologies, probably due to the capping effect of the bioactive compound A. sativum extract used as chelating agent. The study on EDS confirmed the presence of all expected constituent elements in their stoichiometric ratios, verifying the successful synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles in the pure form. The analysis of synthesized samples through impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the green synthesis has lower bulk resistance and enhanced electrical conductivity comparative to chemically synthesized compounds. Among all compositions, Ni-doped cobalt ferrite (sol-gel route) exhibited the highest electrical conductivity, while green-synthesized Li0.5Co0.75Fe2O4 showed promising electrochemical behaviour, indicating its potential as an efficient anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, the antibacterial examines against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains confirmed that the green-synthesized nanoparticles demonstrate a significant and greater antimicrobial activity across all compounds. Therefore, this study highlights the benefits of plant-mediated green synthesis as a sustainable and effective alternative to conventional sol-gel techniques for fabricating multifunctional ferrite nanomaterials with improved electrical and antibacterial routine.

Keywords

Allium sativum Sol-gel synthesis Cobalt ferrites Antibacterial activity Electrical properties
(1)
Shanmugapriya, G. G.; Yogambal, C.; Umamaheswari, S.; Rajikha, R.; Analisa, S.; Subramaniyan, C.; Sathana, V. Comparative Studies of Chemically and Green Synthesized CoFe2O4, Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4, Li0.5Co0.75Fe2O4 Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Method for Electrical and Antibacterial Applications. ajc 2025, 37, 3211-3218.
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