Issue

Vol. 38 No. 4 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 4, 2026

Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. C. Stella Packiam, A. Malarvizhi, Dr. M. I. Delighta Mano Joyce; Dr. H. Kohila Subathra Christy; Dr. R. Gomathi Muthukumar

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Biogenic Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Hemocompatibility and Dye Adsorption Studies

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2026.35250
A. Malarvizhi
Department of Chemistry, A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Tuticorin- 628002, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7304-4390
C. Stella Packiam
Department of Chemistry, A.P.C. Mahalaxmi College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Tuticorin- 628002, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-9444
M.I. Delighta Mano Joyce
Department of Chemistry, Sadakathullah Appa College, Tirunelveli-627011, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0729-0395
R. Gomathi
Department of Chemistry, Sree Devi Kumari Women’s College, Kuzhithurai-629163, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-9041
H. Kohila Subathra Christy
Department of Chemistry, Sadakathullah Appa College, Tirunelveli-627011, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9057-3141

Corresponding Author(s) : C. Stella Packiam

stellapackiam@apcmcollege.ac.in

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 38 No. 4 (2026): Vol 38 Issue 4, 2026

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a highly efficient chemisorbent and catalyst for the mitigation of hazardous gases, rendering it an important material in industrial and environmental applications. In present study, CaO nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were synthesised using a green hydrothermal approach using the marine squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) ethanol extract as a natural precursor. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature, with an average crystallite size of 48.12 nm as estimated using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The successful conversion of the marine squid extract into CaO NPs was verified by FTIR and XRD analyses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles with an average particle size of approximately 50 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed predominantly spherical particles with porous, rough surfaces and aggregation observed at the elevated temperatures. The synthesised CaO NPs demonstrated a high adsorption efficiency toward methyl red (MR) dye, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.34 mg/g and a Freundlich constant (Kf) of 22.45 (mg/g)(mg/L)ⁿ. Adsorption data exhibited an excellent fit with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, while Temkin isotherm and quantum chemical analyses suggested that the adsorption mechanism was predominantly physical in nature.

Keywords

Green synthesis Calcium oxide nanoparticles Sepioteuthis lessoniana Methyl red dye Adsorption isotherms
(1)
Malarvizhi, A.; Packiam, C. S.; Joyce, M. D. M.; Gomathi, R.; Christy, H. K. S. Biogenic Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Hemocompatibility and Dye Adsorption Studies. ajc 2026, 38, 886-894.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. S. Dutta, S. Adhikary, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, A. Chakraborty, D. Roy, D. Banerjee, A. Ganguly, S. Nanda and P. Rajak, J. Environ. Manag., 353, 120103 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120103
  2. M. Salehi, Environ. Int., 158, 106936 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106936
  3. M. Kumar, V. P. Singh, S. B. Bhat and R. Kumar, Discov. Environ., 3, 132 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00337-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00337-0
  4. M.D. Teweldebrihan and M.O. Dinka, Water, 16, 2237 (2024); https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162237 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162237
  5. R.J. Griffitt, J. Luo, J. Gao, J.C. Bonzongo and D.S. Barber, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 1972 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1897/08-002.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1897/08-002.1
  6. A. Rana, K. Yadav and S. Jagadevan, J. Clean. Prod., 272, 122880 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122880 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122880
  7. K.K. Jaiswal, S. Dutta, C.B. Pohrmen, R. Verma, A. Kumar and A.P. Ramaswamy, Inorg. Nano-Met. Chem., 51, 995 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1080/24701556.2020.1813769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24701556.2020.1813769
  8. Sanjana, R. Priyadharshini, S. Rajeshkumar and J. Anandan, J. Environ. Nanotechnol., 14, 63 (2025); https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2025.03.243941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2025.03.243941
  9. A. Samanta, A. Zhao, G.K.H. Shimizu and P. Sarkar, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 1438 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1021/ie200686q DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie200686q
  10. W. Liu, H. An, C. Qin, J. Yin, G. Wang, B. Feng and M. Xu, Energy Fuels, 26, 1190 (2012); https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef300220x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ef300220x
  11. C. Shen, G. Wu, J. Sun, J. Hou, H. Sun, K. Ding, W. Liu and S. Zhang, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 11, 109616 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109616
  12. S.K. Kim and E. Mendis, Food Res. Int., 39, 383 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2005.10.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2005.10.010
  13. N. Ramaraj, G. Thiripuranathar, S. Ekanayake, K. Attanayake and U. Marapana, RSC Sustain., 3, 2567 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00014A DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00014A
  14. J.K. Tee, C.N. Ong, B.H. Bay, H.K. Ho and D.T. Leong, Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol., 8, 414 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1374
  15. D.Y. Pujiastuti, M.N. Ghoyatul Amin, M.A. Alamsjah and J.-L. Hsu, Molecules, 24, 2541 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142541
  16. C.S. Packiam, A. Malarvizhi, H.K.S. Christy, A. Dhivya and M. Paripooranaselvi, Cur. Trends Pharm. Pharma Chem., 7, 73 (2025); https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ctppc.2025.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ctppc.2025.012
  17. L.Y. Wang and L.K. Kaczmarek, Nature, 394, 384 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1038/28645 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/28645
  18. J.P. Singh, W.C. Lim, S.O. Won, J. Song and K.H. Chae, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 72, 890 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.72.890 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.72.890
  19. F. Zhang, D. Pant and B.E. Logan, Biosens. Bioelectron., 30, 49 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.08.025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.08.025
  20. U.U. Khan, K. Rehman, K. Gul, S. Munir and Z.A. Sha, Prog. Chem. Biochem. Res., 9, 130 (2026); https://doi.org/10.48309/pcbr.2026.543134.1462
  21. N.O. Eddy, J. Oladede, I.S. Eze, R. Garg, R. Garg and H. Paktin, Results Eng., 24, 103374 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103374
  22. T. Qu, X. Yao, G. Owens, L. Gao and H. Zhang, Sci. Rep., 12, 2988 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06981-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06981-3
  23. T.Í.S. Oliveira, M.F. Rosa, F.L. Cavalcante, P.H.F. Pereira, G.K. Moates, N. Wellner, S.E. Mazzetto, K.W. Waldron and H.M.C. Azeredo, Food Chem., 198, 113 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.080
  24. H.K. Chahal, S. Matthews and M.I. Jones, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 32, 1465 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-023-01582-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-023-01582-6
  25. S.S. Tabrizi Hafez Moghaddas, S. Samareh Moosavi and R. Kazemi Oskuee, Biomass Convers. Biorefin., 14, 5125 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02643-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02643-6
  26. N. Gandhi, Y. Shruthi, G. Sirisha and C.R. Anusha, Haya Saudi J. Life Sci.., 6, 89 (2021).
  27. K.Y. Foo and B.H. Hameed, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 2 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013
  28. M. Danaei, M. Dehghankhold, S. Ataei, F.H. Davarani, R. Javanmard, A. Dokhani, S. Khorasani and M.R. Mozafari, Pharmaceutics, 10, 57 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020057
  29. S. Wang and Y. Peng, Chem. Eng. J., 156, 11 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.10.029
  30. D. Shrestha, S. Maensiri, U. Wongpratat, S.W. Lee and A.R. Nyachhyon, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 7, 103227 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103227
  31. M.U. Obot, D.S. Yawas and S.Y. Aku, J. King Saud Univ. Eng. Sci., 29, 284 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2015.10.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2015.10.008
  32. Y. Zhang, Y. Chen, P. Westerhoff, K. Hristovski and J.C. Crittenden, Water Res., 42, 2204 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.036
  33. S. Abraham and V.P. Sarathy, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 49, 121 (2018).
  34. M.-H. Baek, C.O. Ijagbemi, O. Se-Jin and D.-S. Kim, J. Hazard. Mater., 176, 820 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.110
  35. F.S. Nworie, F.I. Nwabue, W. Oti, E. Mbam and B.U. Nwali, J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 64, 4365 (2019); https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072019000104365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072019000104365
  36. D. Pathania, S. Sharma and P. Singh, Arab. J. Chem., 10, S1445 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.021
  37. R.R. Elmorsi, S.T. El-Wakeel, W.A. Shehab El-Dein, H.R. Lotfy, W.E. Rashwan, M. Nagah, S.A. Shaaban, S.A. Sayed Ahmed, I.Y. El-Sherif and K.S. Abou-El-Sherbini, Sci. Rep., 9, 3356 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39945-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39945-1
  38. M.A. Ahmad, N. Ahmad and O.S. Bello, Appl. Water Sci., 5, 407 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0208-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0208-4
  39. C.K. Enenebeaku, N.J. Okorocha, U.E. Enenebeaku and I.C. Ukaga, Int. Lett. Chem. Phys. Astron., 72, 52 (2017); https://doi.org/10.56431/p-02ri34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56431/p-02ri34
  40. Y. Han, X. Wang, H. Dai and S. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 4616 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1021/am300992x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/am300992x
  41. L. Jiang, Y. Yu, Y. Li, Y. Yu, J. Duan, Y. Zou, Q. Li and Z. Sun, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 11, 57 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1280-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1280-5
  42. L.Q. Chen, L. Fang, J. Ling, C.Z. Ding, B. Kang and C.Z. Huang, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 28, 501 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/tx500479m DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/tx500479m
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 1 Download : 0
PlumX