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Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Nitrate Prepared from Cellulose Extracted from Calamagrostis intermedia
Corresponding Author(s) : Dennis Renato Manzano Vela
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 34 No. 8 (2022): Vol 34 Issue 8, 2022
Abstract
The main purpose of this research work is to prepare and characterize cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate from cellulose extracted from Calamagrostis intermedia. Cellulose nitrate was prepared by nitration with a sulfonitric mixture, while cellulose acetate was prepared with acid and acetic anhydride. In both cases, an FTIR analysis was performed. Optical microscopy was applied to the prepared semi-synthetic compounds, showing crystalline networks corresponding to well-defined polymeric chains. Finally, the cellulose acetate was subjected to viscometry in order to determine the molecular weight of the prepared polymer, tending a value of 220.34 × 103 g/mol. The results highlighted the feasibility of preparation of such polymers from a non-conventional source and the strategies for characterization and preparation at laboratory level.
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- T.P. Haider, C. Völker, J. Kramm, K. Landfester and F.R. Wurm, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 58, 50 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805766
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- M. Herman, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Ed.: 3, Wiley (2012).
- S. Monisha, T. Mathavan, S. Selvasekarapandian, A.M.F. Benial and M.P. latha, Ionics, 23, 2697 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-016-1886-8
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- S. Berthumeyrie, S. Collin, P.O. Bussiere and S. Therias, J. Hazard. Mater., 272, 137 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.039
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- K. Touati and F. Tadeo, Pressure Retarded Osmosis as Renewable Energy Source; In: Pressure Retarded Osmosis: Renewable Energy Generation and Recovery, Elsevier, pp. 1–54 (2017).
- J. Puls, S.A. Wilson and D. Hölter, J. Polym. Environ., 19, 152 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-010-0258-0
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References
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C. Zawaski and C. Williams, Addit. Manuf., 33, 101111 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101111
S. Huppertsberg, D. Zahn, F. Pauelsen, T. Reemtsma and T.P. Knepper, Water Res., 181, 115931 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115931
Y. Bao, Z. Luo and S. Cui, Chem. Soc. Rev., 49, 2799 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CS00855A
K. Bashandeh, V. Tsigkis, P. Lan and A.A. Polycarpou, Tribol. Int., 153, 106634 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106634
J. Wróblewska-Krepsztul, T. Rydzkowski, G. Borowski, M. Szczypiñski, T. Klepka and V.K. Thakur, Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact., 23, 383 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2018.1455382
S. Agarwal, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 221, 2000017 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.202000017
S.P. Sylvester, R.J. Soreng, W.J. Bravo-Pedraza, L.E. Cuta-Alarcon, D. Giraldo-Cañas, J. Aguilar-Cano and P.M. Peterson, PhytoKeys, 122, 29 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.122.33032
E. Huda, Rahmi and Khairan, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 364, 012021 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/364/1/012021
D.A. Marrez, A.E. Abdelhamid and O.M. Darwesh, Food Packag. Shelf Life, 20, 100302 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100302
Y. Yang, S. Chang, Y. Bai, Y. Du and D.G. Yu, Carbohydr. Polym., 243, 116477 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116477
M.A. Wsoo, S. Shahir, S.P. Mohd Bohari, N.H.M. Nayan and S.I.A. Razak, Carbohydr. Res., 491, p. 107978 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2020.107978
R.G. Candido, G.G. Godoy and A. Gonçalves, Carbohydr. Polym., 167, 280 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.057
H.R. Amaral, D.F. Cipriano, M.S. Santos, M.A. Schettino Jr., J.V.T. Ferreti, C.S. Meirelles, V.S. Pereira, A.G. Cunha, F.G. Emmerich and J.C.C. Freitas, Carbohydr. Polym., 210, 127 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.061
M. Herman, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Ed.: 3, Wiley (2012).
S. Monisha, T. Mathavan, S. Selvasekarapandian, A.M.F. Benial and M.P. latha, Ionics, 23, 2697 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-016-1886-8
A.E. Golubev, S.A. Kuvshinova, V.A. Burmistrov and O.I. Koifman, Russ. J. Gen. Chem., 88, 368 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070363218020305
X. Gao, L. Jiang, Q. Xu, W.Q. Wu and R.A. Mensah, Ind. Crops Prod., 145, 112085 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112085
E. Ciliberto, P. Gemmellaro, V. Iannuso, S. La Delfa, R.G. Urso and E. Viscuso, Procedia Chem., 8, 175 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2013.03.023
S. Berthumeyrie, S. Collin, P.O. Bussiere and S. Therias, J. Hazard. Mater., 272, 137 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.039
J. Elizondo, H. Castillo, L. Torres, J. Loera, A. Palemón and I. Almeyda, (2012). Muestreo y Análisis de Material Vegetal (2012); http://www.inifapcirne.gob.mx/Biblioteca/Publicaciones/931.pdf
G. Wypych, Handbook of Polymers, Elsevier, Ed.: 2 (2016).
R.T. Sataloff, M.M. Johns and K.M. Kost, Eds.: C. Roberson, Cellulose Acetate Properties, Uses and Preparation, Nova Publishers, Ed.: 1 (2019).
K. Touati and F. Tadeo, Pressure Retarded Osmosis as Renewable Energy Source; In: Pressure Retarded Osmosis: Renewable Energy Generation and Recovery, Elsevier, pp. 1–54 (2017).
J. Puls, S.A. Wilson and D. Hölter, J. Polym. Environ., 19, 152 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-010-0258-0
M.M. Ibrahim, T.Y.A. Fahmy, E.I. Salaheldin, F. Mobarak, M.A. Youssef and M.R. Mabrook, Life Sci. J., 12, 127 (2015); https://doi.org/10.7537/marslsj121015.16
F. Silva, W. Morais Júnior, C. Silva, A. Vieira, A. Batista, A. Faria and R. Assunção, Molecules, 22, 1930 (2017); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22111930
S.D. Ribeiro, G. Rodrigues Filho, A.B. Meneguin, F.G. Prezotti, F.I. Boni, B.S.F. Cury and M.P.D. Gremião, Carbohydr. Polym., 152, 764 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.069