Copyright (c) 2022 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Silver Nanoparticles Mediated through Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ageratina adenophora Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Teratocarcinoma Cell Line PA-1
Corresponding Author(s) : B. Latha Maheswari
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 34 No. 7 (2022): Vol 34 Issue 7, 2022
Abstract
An enhanced anticancer properties of Ageratina adenophora mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated in the present study. The biogenic AgNPs effectively inhibited the viability and proliferation of ovarian teratocarcinoma cells (PA-1) by significantly increasing the initiation of apoptosis. The AgNPs were synthesized with the phytochemicals present in aqueous extract of Ageratina adenophora leaves which performed the dual function of reducing silver ions as well as the capping the nanoparticles. Characterization of nanoparticles with UV-vis spectroscopy revealed surface plasmon resonance peak at 470 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the presence of functional groups such as alcohol, aldehyde, alkane, aromatic amines and phenolic compounds. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the crystalline nature and face centred cubic structure of AgNPs. The size, morphology and distribution of AgNPs were confirmed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Further, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements also confirmed the size and charge of the synthesized nanoparticles. The AgNPs significantly increased the cytotoxicity and inhibited the proliferation of PA-1 cells. Apoptosis of PA-1 cells were increased with treatment of AgNPs. The increased cytotoxicity of PA-1 cells was due to the synergistic activity of phytochemicals and AgNPs. Hence, the current research on the silver nanoparticles mediated through A. adenophora leaf extract could be an effective alternative in treatment of ovarian cancer.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- M.E.A. El-Hack, S. Abdelnour, M. Alagawany, M. Abdo, M.A. Sakr, A.F. Khafaga, S.A. Mahgoub, S.S. Elnesr and M.G. Gebriel, Biomed. Pharmacother., 111, 42 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.069
- S.H. Hassanpour and M. Dehghani, J. Cancer Res. Pract., 4, 127 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrpr.2017.07.001
- C.L. Sutton, C.D. McKinney, J.E. Jones and S.B. Gay, Radiographics, 12, 853 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.12.5.1529129
- Z. Momenimovahed, A. Tiznobaik, S. Taheri and H. Salehiniya, Int. J. Womens Health, 11, 287 (2019); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S197604
- N.S. Murthy, S. Shalini, G. Suman, S. Pruthvish and A. Mathew, Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 10, 1025 (2009).
- F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R.L. Siegel, L.A. Torre and A. Jemal, CA Cancer J. Clin., 68, 394 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
- R. Foster, R.J. Buckanovich and B.R. Rueda, Cancer Lett., 338, 147 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.023
- J. Swanner, J. Mims, D.L. Carroll, S.A. Akman, C.M. Furdui, S.V. Torti and R.N. Singh, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 10, 3937 (2015); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S80349
- Q. Yue, G. Gao, G. Zou, H. Yu and X. Zheng, BioMed Res. Int., 2017, 8412508 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8412508
- S.Y. Yin, W.C. Wei, F.Y. Jian and N.S. Yang, Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 302426 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/302426
- D.O. Kennedy and E.L. Wightman, Adv. Nutr., 2, 32 (2011); https://doi.org/10.3945/an.110.000117
- D.W. Nyamai, W. Arika, P. Ogola, E. Njagi and M. Ngugi, J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 4, 2321 (2016).
- Y. Qiansheng, Y. Jie, L. Huamin, C. Aocheng, C. Qinghua, W. Yongqi and H. Lan, J. Beijing Normal Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed., 42, 70 (2006).
- L. He, J. Hou, M. Gan, J. Shi, S. Chantrapromma, H.K. Fun, I.D.
- Williams and H.H.-Y. Sung, J. Nat. Prod., 71, 1485 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/np800242w
- V. Ahluwalia, R. Sisodia, S. Walia, O.P. Sati, J. Kumar and A. Kundu, J. Pest Sci., 87, 341 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-013-0542-6
- C. Wang, R. Yang, L. Song, B. Ning, C. Ou-yang, A. Cao and L. He, Phytochem. Lett., 16, 245 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.04.002
- N. Ramya, P.K. Mayuri, A.S. Santny and T. Angayarkanni, Asia Pacific J. Res., 1, 170 (2015).
- L. Samuel, Lalrotluanga, R.B. Muthukumaran, G. Gurusubramanian and N. Senthilkumar, Exp. Parasitol., 141, 112 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.020
- A.K. Chakravarty, T. Mazumder and S.N. Chatterjee, Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2011, 471074 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neq033
- C.L. Ringmichon and B. Gopalkrishnan, Int. J. Appl. Biol. Pharm. Technol., 8, 1 (2017).
- V. Ralte and S. Lallianrawna, Sci. Vision, 14, 128 (2014).
- S.K. Mandal, R. Boominathan, B. Parimaladevi, S. Dewanjee and S.C. Mandal, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 43, 662 (2005).
- H. Chen, B. Zhou, J. Yang, X. Ma, S. Deng, Y. Huang, Y. Wen, J. Yuan and X. Yang, Front. Pharmacol., 9, 483 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00483
- Y.-S. Li, H. Zou, N. Zhu, W. Li, X.-Y. Na, S.-Z. Tang and Y.Z. Yang, J. Southwest Agric. Univ., 22, 331 (2000).
- Y. Jin, L. Hou, M. Zhang, Z. Tian, A. Cao and X. Xie, Crop Prot., 60, 28 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.02.008
- S. Mani, K. Natesan, K. Shivaji, M.G. Balasubramanian and P. Ponnusamy, Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 22, 101381 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101381
- S. Hemmati, A. Rashtiani, M.M. Zangeneh, P. Mohammadi, A. Zangeneh and H. Veisi, Polyhedron, 158, 8 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.049
- A.R. Jalalvand, M. Zhaleh, S. Goorani, M.M. Zangeneh, N. Seydi, A. Zangeneh and R. Moradi, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 192, 103 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.017
- M. Look, A. Bandyopadhyay, J.S. Blum and T.M. Fahmy, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 62, 378 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.011
- A. Zangeneh, M. Pooyanmehr, M.M. Zangeneh, R. Moradi, R. Rasad and N. Kazemi, Comp. Clin. Pathol., 28, 1507 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-03007-9
- M.M. Zangeneh, A. Zangeneh, E. Pirabbasi, R. Moradi and M. Almasi, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 33, e5246 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5246
- S. Goorani, M.K. Koohi, H. Morovvati, J. Hassan, A. Ahmeda and M.M. Zangeneh, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 34, e5475 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5475
- S. Hemmati, Z. Joshani, A. Zangeneh and M.M. Zangeneh, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 34, e5277 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5277
- M.S. Akhtar, M.K. Swamy, A. Umar and A.A. Al Sahli, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 15, 9818 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.10966
- G.R. Rudramurthy, M.K. Swamy, U.R. Sinniah and A. Ghasemzadeh, Molecules, 21, 836 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070836
- A.K. Mittal, K. Thanki, S. Jain and U.C. Banerjee, Appl. Nanomed., 1, 1 (2016).
- K. Elangovan, D. Elumalai, S. Anupriya, R. Shenbhagaraman, P.K. Kaleena and K. Murugesan, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 151, 118 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.015
- S. Gurunathan, J.W. Han, V. Eppakayala, M. Jeyaraj and J.H. Kim, BioMed Res. Int., 2013, 535796 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/535796
- S. Gurunathan, J.W. Han, J.H. Park, E. Kim, Y.J. Choi, D.N. Kwon and J.H. Kim, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 10, 6257 (2015); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S92449
- S. Gurunathan, J.K. Jeong, J.W. Han, X.F. Zhang, J.H. Park and J.H. Kim, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 10, 35 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0747-0
- J.-C. Liou, C.-C. Diao, J.-J. Lin, Y.-L. Chen and C.-F. Yang, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 9, 1 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-1
- S. Sahu, N. Sinha, S.K. Bhutia, M. Majhi and S. Mohapatra, J. Mater. Chem. B Mater. Biol. Med., 2, 3799 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TB21669A
- C.V. Jagannath and B.K. Radheshyam, World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 1574 (2017); https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20174-8945
- S.K. Gautam, Y. Baid, P.T. Magar, T.R. Binadi and B. Regmi, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol., 9, 128 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v9i2.37822
- T. Mosmann, J. Immunol. Methods, 65, 55 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
- D. Srivastava, G. Joshi, K. Somasundaram and R. Mulherkar, Anticancer Res., 31, 3851 (2011).
- C. Pereira, M.S. Santos and C. Oliveira, Neurobiol. Dis., 6, 209 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.1999.0241
- S.M. Bhosle, N.G. Huilgol and K.P. Mishra, Clin. Chim. Acta, 359, 89 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2005.03.037
- D. Baskic, S. Popovic, P. Ristic and N.N. Arsenijevic, Cell Biol. Int., 30, 924 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.06.016
- N.A. Franken, H.M. Rodermond, J. Stap, J. Haveman and C. Van Bree, Nat. Protoc., 1, 2315 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.339
- N. Ingarsal, V. Kasthuri and S. Ananth, Ann. Rom. Soc. Cell Biol., 25, 2988 (2021).
- A.A. Akinsiku, E.O. Dare, K.O. Ajanaku, J.A. Adekoya and J.I. AyoAjayi, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 3, 902 (2018); https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2018.9.3.100
- A. León, P. Reuquen, C. Garín, R. Segura, P. Vargas, P. Zapata and P.A. Orihuela, Appl. Sci., 7, 49 (2017); https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010049
- Y. Meng, Nanomaterials, 5, 1124 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano5021124
- A. Hossain, Y. Abdallah, M.A. Ali, M.M.I. Masum, B. Li, G. Sun, Y. Meng, Y. Wang and Q. An, Biomolecules, 9, 863 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120863
- N. Babu, V.M. Pathak and A. Singh, Pharma Innov., 8, 817 (2019).
- A. Gnanasoundari, S. Nagamani and P. Thangamathi, Int. J. Lifesciencs, 3, 127 (2015).
- S. Ananth and P. Thangamathi, Int. J. Biol. Sci., 8, 20 (2018).
- S.J. Joshi, S.J. Geetha, S. Al-Mamari and A. Al-Azkawi, Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod., 13, e67846 (2018); https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.67846
- Y.G. Yuan, Q.L. Peng and S. Gurunathan, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 12, 6487 (2017); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S135482
- K. Khanra, S. Panja, I. Choudhuri, A. Chakraborty and N. Bhattacharyya, Nano Biomed. Eng., 8, 39 (2016); https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v8i1.p39-46
- S.R. Palle, J. Penchalaneni, K. Lavudi, S.A. Gaddam, V.S. Kotakadi and V.N. Challagundala, Lett. Appl. Nano Bio. Sci., 9, 1165 (2020); https://doi.org/10.33263/LIANBS93.11651176
- K. Cao, J. Yang, C. Lin, B.N. Wang, Y. Yang, J. Zhang, J. Dai, L. Li, C. Nie, Z. Yuan and M. Li, Cancer Biother. Radiopharm., 27, 259 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2011.1126
- S. Gurunathan, J.H. Park, J.W. Han and J.H. Kim, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 10, 4203 (2015); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S83953
- Y.G. Yuan, S. Zhang, J.Y. Hwang and I.K. Kong, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2018, 6121328 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6121328
- K. Khanra, S. Panja, I. Choudhuri, A. Chakraborty and N. Bhattacharyya, Nanomed. J., 3, 15 (2016).
- M.A. Rathi, Pharmacology, 1, 33 (2018).
- J.D. Hayes, A.T. Dinkova-Kostova and K.D. Tew, Cancer Cell, 38, 167 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.001
- C.R. Reczek and N.S. Chandel, Annu. Rev. Cancer Biol., 1, 79 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-041916-065808
- J.W. Han, S. Gurunathan, Y.J. Choi and J.H. Kim, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 12, 7529 (2017); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S145147
- J.W. Han, J.K. Jeong, S. Gurunathan, Y.J. Choi, J. Das, D.N. Kwon, S.-G. Cho, C. Park, H.G. Seo, J.-K. Park and J.-H. Kim, Nanotoxicology, 10, 361 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2015.1073396
- C.D. Fahrenholtz, J. Swanner, M. Ramirez-Perez and R.N. Singh, J. Nanomater., 2017, 5107485 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5107485
- D.C. Chan, Ann. Rev. Pathol.: Mechanisms of disease, 15, 235 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032711.
- B.C. Dickinson and C.J. Chang, Nat. Chem. Biol., 7, 504 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.607
- H.J. Ahn, K.I. Kim, G. Kim, E. Moon, S.S. Yang and J.S. Lee, PLoS One, 6, 28154 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028154
- T.S. Kamatchi, M.K. Mohamed Subarkhan, R. Ramesh, H. Wang and J.G. Malecki, Dalton Trans., 49, 11385 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT01476A
- Y.-J. Choi, J.-H. Park, J. Han, E. Kim, O. Jae-Wook, S. Lee, J.-H. Kim and S. Gurunathan, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 2077 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122077
References
M.E.A. El-Hack, S. Abdelnour, M. Alagawany, M. Abdo, M.A. Sakr, A.F. Khafaga, S.A. Mahgoub, S.S. Elnesr and M.G. Gebriel, Biomed. Pharmacother., 111, 42 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.069
S.H. Hassanpour and M. Dehghani, J. Cancer Res. Pract., 4, 127 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrpr.2017.07.001
C.L. Sutton, C.D. McKinney, J.E. Jones and S.B. Gay, Radiographics, 12, 853 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.12.5.1529129
Z. Momenimovahed, A. Tiznobaik, S. Taheri and H. Salehiniya, Int. J. Womens Health, 11, 287 (2019); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S197604
N.S. Murthy, S. Shalini, G. Suman, S. Pruthvish and A. Mathew, Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 10, 1025 (2009).
F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram, R.L. Siegel, L.A. Torre and A. Jemal, CA Cancer J. Clin., 68, 394 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
R. Foster, R.J. Buckanovich and B.R. Rueda, Cancer Lett., 338, 147 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2012.10.023
J. Swanner, J. Mims, D.L. Carroll, S.A. Akman, C.M. Furdui, S.V. Torti and R.N. Singh, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 10, 3937 (2015); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S80349
Q. Yue, G. Gao, G. Zou, H. Yu and X. Zheng, BioMed Res. Int., 2017, 8412508 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8412508
S.Y. Yin, W.C. Wei, F.Y. Jian and N.S. Yang, Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2013, 302426 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/302426
D.O. Kennedy and E.L. Wightman, Adv. Nutr., 2, 32 (2011); https://doi.org/10.3945/an.110.000117
D.W. Nyamai, W. Arika, P. Ogola, E. Njagi and M. Ngugi, J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., 4, 2321 (2016).
Y. Qiansheng, Y. Jie, L. Huamin, C. Aocheng, C. Qinghua, W. Yongqi and H. Lan, J. Beijing Normal Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed., 42, 70 (2006).
L. He, J. Hou, M. Gan, J. Shi, S. Chantrapromma, H.K. Fun, I.D.
Williams and H.H.-Y. Sung, J. Nat. Prod., 71, 1485 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/np800242w
V. Ahluwalia, R. Sisodia, S. Walia, O.P. Sati, J. Kumar and A. Kundu, J. Pest Sci., 87, 341 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-013-0542-6
C. Wang, R. Yang, L. Song, B. Ning, C. Ou-yang, A. Cao and L. He, Phytochem. Lett., 16, 245 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.04.002
N. Ramya, P.K. Mayuri, A.S. Santny and T. Angayarkanni, Asia Pacific J. Res., 1, 170 (2015).
L. Samuel, Lalrotluanga, R.B. Muthukumaran, G. Gurusubramanian and N. Senthilkumar, Exp. Parasitol., 141, 112 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.020
A.K. Chakravarty, T. Mazumder and S.N. Chatterjee, Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2011, 471074 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neq033
C.L. Ringmichon and B. Gopalkrishnan, Int. J. Appl. Biol. Pharm. Technol., 8, 1 (2017).
V. Ralte and S. Lallianrawna, Sci. Vision, 14, 128 (2014).
S.K. Mandal, R. Boominathan, B. Parimaladevi, S. Dewanjee and S.C. Mandal, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 43, 662 (2005).
H. Chen, B. Zhou, J. Yang, X. Ma, S. Deng, Y. Huang, Y. Wen, J. Yuan and X. Yang, Front. Pharmacol., 9, 483 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00483
Y.-S. Li, H. Zou, N. Zhu, W. Li, X.-Y. Na, S.-Z. Tang and Y.Z. Yang, J. Southwest Agric. Univ., 22, 331 (2000).
Y. Jin, L. Hou, M. Zhang, Z. Tian, A. Cao and X. Xie, Crop Prot., 60, 28 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.02.008
S. Mani, K. Natesan, K. Shivaji, M.G. Balasubramanian and P. Ponnusamy, Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., 22, 101381 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101381
S. Hemmati, A. Rashtiani, M.M. Zangeneh, P. Mohammadi, A. Zangeneh and H. Veisi, Polyhedron, 158, 8 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.049
A.R. Jalalvand, M. Zhaleh, S. Goorani, M.M. Zangeneh, N. Seydi, A. Zangeneh and R. Moradi, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 192, 103 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.01.017
M. Look, A. Bandyopadhyay, J.S. Blum and T.M. Fahmy, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 62, 378 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.011
A. Zangeneh, M. Pooyanmehr, M.M. Zangeneh, R. Moradi, R. Rasad and N. Kazemi, Comp. Clin. Pathol., 28, 1507 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-019-03007-9
M.M. Zangeneh, A. Zangeneh, E. Pirabbasi, R. Moradi and M. Almasi, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 33, e5246 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5246
S. Goorani, M.K. Koohi, H. Morovvati, J. Hassan, A. Ahmeda and M.M. Zangeneh, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 34, e5475 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5475
S. Hemmati, Z. Joshani, A. Zangeneh and M.M. Zangeneh, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 34, e5277 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.5277
M.S. Akhtar, M.K. Swamy, A. Umar and A.A. Al Sahli, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 15, 9818 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.10966
G.R. Rudramurthy, M.K. Swamy, U.R. Sinniah and A. Ghasemzadeh, Molecules, 21, 836 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070836
A.K. Mittal, K. Thanki, S. Jain and U.C. Banerjee, Appl. Nanomed., 1, 1 (2016).
K. Elangovan, D. Elumalai, S. Anupriya, R. Shenbhagaraman, P.K. Kaleena and K. Murugesan, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 151, 118 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.015
S. Gurunathan, J.W. Han, V. Eppakayala, M. Jeyaraj and J.H. Kim, BioMed Res. Int., 2013, 535796 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/535796
S. Gurunathan, J.W. Han, J.H. Park, E. Kim, Y.J. Choi, D.N. Kwon and J.H. Kim, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 10, 6257 (2015); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S92449
S. Gurunathan, J.K. Jeong, J.W. Han, X.F. Zhang, J.H. Park and J.H. Kim, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 10, 35 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-015-0747-0
J.-C. Liou, C.-C. Diao, J.-J. Lin, Y.-L. Chen and C.-F. Yang, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 9, 1 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-9-1
S. Sahu, N. Sinha, S.K. Bhutia, M. Majhi and S. Mohapatra, J. Mater. Chem. B Mater. Biol. Med., 2, 3799 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TB21669A
C.V. Jagannath and B.K. Radheshyam, World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 1574 (2017); https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20174-8945
S.K. Gautam, Y. Baid, P.T. Magar, T.R. Binadi and B. Regmi, Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol., 9, 128 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v9i2.37822
T. Mosmann, J. Immunol. Methods, 65, 55 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
D. Srivastava, G. Joshi, K. Somasundaram and R. Mulherkar, Anticancer Res., 31, 3851 (2011).
C. Pereira, M.S. Santos and C. Oliveira, Neurobiol. Dis., 6, 209 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.1999.0241
S.M. Bhosle, N.G. Huilgol and K.P. Mishra, Clin. Chim. Acta, 359, 89 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2005.03.037
D. Baskic, S. Popovic, P. Ristic and N.N. Arsenijevic, Cell Biol. Int., 30, 924 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.06.016
N.A. Franken, H.M. Rodermond, J. Stap, J. Haveman and C. Van Bree, Nat. Protoc., 1, 2315 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.339
N. Ingarsal, V. Kasthuri and S. Ananth, Ann. Rom. Soc. Cell Biol., 25, 2988 (2021).
A.A. Akinsiku, E.O. Dare, K.O. Ajanaku, J.A. Adekoya and J.I. AyoAjayi, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 3, 902 (2018); https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2018.9.3.100
A. León, P. Reuquen, C. Garín, R. Segura, P. Vargas, P. Zapata and P.A. Orihuela, Appl. Sci., 7, 49 (2017); https://doi.org/10.3390/app7010049
Y. Meng, Nanomaterials, 5, 1124 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/nano5021124
A. Hossain, Y. Abdallah, M.A. Ali, M.M.I. Masum, B. Li, G. Sun, Y. Meng, Y. Wang and Q. An, Biomolecules, 9, 863 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120863
N. Babu, V.M. Pathak and A. Singh, Pharma Innov., 8, 817 (2019).
A. Gnanasoundari, S. Nagamani and P. Thangamathi, Int. J. Lifesciencs, 3, 127 (2015).
S. Ananth and P. Thangamathi, Int. J. Biol. Sci., 8, 20 (2018).
S.J. Joshi, S.J. Geetha, S. Al-Mamari and A. Al-Azkawi, Jundishapur J. Nat. Pharm. Prod., 13, e67846 (2018); https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.67846
Y.G. Yuan, Q.L. Peng and S. Gurunathan, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 12, 6487 (2017); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S135482
K. Khanra, S. Panja, I. Choudhuri, A. Chakraborty and N. Bhattacharyya, Nano Biomed. Eng., 8, 39 (2016); https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v8i1.p39-46
S.R. Palle, J. Penchalaneni, K. Lavudi, S.A. Gaddam, V.S. Kotakadi and V.N. Challagundala, Lett. Appl. Nano Bio. Sci., 9, 1165 (2020); https://doi.org/10.33263/LIANBS93.11651176
K. Cao, J. Yang, C. Lin, B.N. Wang, Y. Yang, J. Zhang, J. Dai, L. Li, C. Nie, Z. Yuan and M. Li, Cancer Biother. Radiopharm., 27, 259 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2011.1126
S. Gurunathan, J.H. Park, J.W. Han and J.H. Kim, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 10, 4203 (2015); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S83953
Y.G. Yuan, S. Zhang, J.Y. Hwang and I.K. Kong, Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2018, 6121328 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6121328
K. Khanra, S. Panja, I. Choudhuri, A. Chakraborty and N. Bhattacharyya, Nanomed. J., 3, 15 (2016).
M.A. Rathi, Pharmacology, 1, 33 (2018).
J.D. Hayes, A.T. Dinkova-Kostova and K.D. Tew, Cancer Cell, 38, 167 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2020.06.001
C.R. Reczek and N.S. Chandel, Annu. Rev. Cancer Biol., 1, 79 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-041916-065808
J.W. Han, S. Gurunathan, Y.J. Choi and J.H. Kim, Int. J. Nanomedicine, 12, 7529 (2017); https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S145147
J.W. Han, J.K. Jeong, S. Gurunathan, Y.J. Choi, J. Das, D.N. Kwon, S.-G. Cho, C. Park, H.G. Seo, J.-K. Park and J.-H. Kim, Nanotoxicology, 10, 361 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2015.1073396
C.D. Fahrenholtz, J. Swanner, M. Ramirez-Perez and R.N. Singh, J. Nanomater., 2017, 5107485 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5107485
D.C. Chan, Ann. Rev. Pathol.: Mechanisms of disease, 15, 235 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032711.
B.C. Dickinson and C.J. Chang, Nat. Chem. Biol., 7, 504 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.607
H.J. Ahn, K.I. Kim, G. Kim, E. Moon, S.S. Yang and J.S. Lee, PLoS One, 6, 28154 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0028154
T.S. Kamatchi, M.K. Mohamed Subarkhan, R. Ramesh, H. Wang and J.G. Malecki, Dalton Trans., 49, 11385 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1039/D0DT01476A
Y.-J. Choi, J.-H. Park, J. Han, E. Kim, O. Jae-Wook, S. Lee, J.-H. Kim and S. Gurunathan, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 2077 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122077