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Vol. 37 No. 12 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 12, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Baisnabdas Pathak, Saptarshi Samajdar, Deepshikha Datta, Bimal Das, Gautam Mishra

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Bioactive Polysaccharide from Ziziphus mauritiana: Isolation, Optimization and Evaluation as Binding Excipient

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.34728
Baisnabdas Pathak
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat-700125, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7417-7397
Saptarshi Samajdar
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat-700125, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6081-5809
Deepshikha Datta
Department of Chemistry, Brainware University, Barasat-700125, India; Center for Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, Brainware University, Barasat-700125, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-8050
Bimal Das
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0397-6984
Gautam Mishra
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur-713209, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4275-933X

Corresponding Author(s) : Saptarshi Samajdar

saptarshisamajdar1993@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 12 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 12, 2025

Abstract

Natural polysaccharides have garnered considerable interest as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations due to their biocompatibility, functional versatility and structural diversity. This study focuses on the isolation, optimization and structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide derived from Ziziphus mauritiana and its evaluation as a tablet binding agent. The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), ensuring maximal yield under controlled conditions. Polysaccharide yield ranged 5.6-9.4%. Max yield (9.4%) achieved at 1:5 pulp-to-water ratio, 60 ºC extraction. Structural elucidation was performed through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Linkage analysis revealed the predominance of →4)-Manp-(1→glycosidic linkages, indicating a mannose-rich backbone. Monosaccharide profiling confirmed mannose as a major constituent. The polysaccharide was then formulated as a binder in compressed tablet matrices and compared against potato starch as a standard. The Z. mauritiana polysaccharide demonstrated favourable binding characteristics and resulted in significantly slower drug release compared to potato starch. After 12 h, formulations containing the novel binder released approximately 18% less drug, attributed to the presence of the mannose moiety and its influence on matrix integrity and hydration behaviour. The mannose-rich polysaccharide from Z. mauritiana exhibits promising potential as a natural binding agent in sustained-release tablet formulations. Its ability to modulate drug release kinetics, combined with its natural origin, supports its application as a viable alternative to conventional starch-based binders in pharmaceutical technologies.

Keywords

Ziziphus mauritiana RSM optimization Monosaccharide analysis Binding properties
(1)
Pathak, B.; Samajdar, S.; Datta, D.; Das, B.; Mishra, G. Bioactive Polysaccharide from Ziziphus Mauritiana: Isolation, Optimization and Evaluation As Binding Excipient. ajc 2025, 37, 3047-3054.
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