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Vol. 37 No. 11 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 11, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Vikas Magar, Sagar V Rathod, Tukaram Saraf, M K Babrekar, K.M. JADHAV

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Enhanced Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Gd3+-Doped NiFe2O4 Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.34594
Vikas U. Magar
Department of Physics, Deogiri College, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar-431001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5064-2252
Sagar Rathod
Department of Physics, Deogiri College, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar-431001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2177-028X
Tukaram Saraf
Twaritapuri Arts, Commerce and Science College, Talwada, Georai, Beed-431127, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6783-3072
M.K. Babrekar
Department of Physics, Indraraj Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sillod-431112, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2456-1637
K.M. Jadhav
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, M.G.M. University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar-431003, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-411X

Corresponding Author(s) : Vikas U. Magar

vikasmagar3@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 11 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 11, 2025

Abstract

In this work, the successful synthesis and deposition of Gd3+-doped nickel ferrite (NiFe2-xGdxO4, x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10) thin films using the spray pyrolysis technique was achieved. The films were deposited onto ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates and subsequently annealed at 500 ºC for 4 h to enhance crystallinity and phase formation. This approach offers a cost-effective and scalable route for fabricating doped ferrite thin films with tunable properties for potential electronic and magnetic device applications. The X-ray diffraction pattern reflects the presence of diffraction planes (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511) and (440), which belonging to the cubic structure. XRD analysis proved that the thin films possess a cubic spinel structure with single-phase formation. The crystallite size calculated from the FWHM of the (311) plane was found to be in the range of 16 to 10 nm. The lattice constant increased from 8.334 Å to 8.388 Å on Gd3+ doping. AFM analysis of typical samples revealed a granular nature and surface roughness and skewness factor. The cubic spinel structure was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of five active modes. The I-V characteristic study revealed the ohmic nature, showing the resistivity of the order of 106-107 Ω-m. The optical band gap determined from the Tauc plot was in the range of 1.46 eV to 1.80 eV. The band gap increases with increase with Gd3+ doping.

Keywords

Lattice constant Nickel ferrite Optical band gap Spray pyrolysis Thin film
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Magar, V. U.; Rathod, S.; Saraf, T.; Babrekar, M.; Jadhav, K. Enhanced Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Gd3+-Doped NiFe2O4 Thin Films Synthesized by Spray Pyrolysis. ajc 2025, 37, 2738-2744.
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