Issue

Vol. 37 No. 9 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 9, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Thanunya Saowapark, Adisak Jaturapiree, Kanjarat Sukrat, Witoon Wattananit, Ekrachan Chaichana

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Investigation on Properties and Pyrolysis Performance of Natural Rubber/Sugarcane Bagasse Biocomposites

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.34346
Thanunya Saowapark
Research Center of Natural Materials and Products, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Adisak Jaturapiree
Research Center of Natural Materials and Products, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Kanjarat Sukrat
Research Center of Natural Materials and Products, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Witoon Wattananit
Scientific and Technological Equipment Centre, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Muang, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
Ekrachan Chaichana
Research Center of Natural Materials and Products, Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-9900

Corresponding Author(s) : Ekrachan Chaichana

ekrachan@npru.ac.th

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 9 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 9, 2025

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse has been frequently used as a filler in natural rubber biocomposites to enhance mechanical properties. In addition, the presence of bagasse filler also enhances other properties of natural rubber biocomposites including thermal properties and chemical properties, which could influence the pyrolysis recycling process when recycled. Therefore, the effect of bagasse filler on the pyrolysis recycling process was investigated along with the mechanical and thermal properties. A pristine natural rubber (NR) and bagasse-natural rubber biocomposites (NR/BG) with various amounts of bagasse (5, 10 and 15 phr) were prepared. The pyrolysis processes were conducted at 400 ºC for all samples, and the obtained products were analyzed. It was found that most of the mechanical properties of the rubber samples including tensile strength, modulus and tear strength increased with increasing the amount of bagasse. In addition, thermal stability of NR/BG were better than that of NR. When pyrolyzing the rubber samples, it was observed that all the pyrolyzed liquids have the nearly heating values, between 43.1-44.2 MJ/kg suggesting no significant change in fuel property. However, the chemical composition of the obtained liquids considerably varied, especially limonene which was found higher in the liquids from NR/BG (61.9-73.4 wt.%) than that from NR (31.65 wt.%). The presence of BG inside NR/BG biocomposites changes chemical compositions of the biocomposites, especially Zn which possess the catalytic ability to convert the primarily-generated limonene into other products, and also provided low hydrogen-to-carbon source which reduced the conversion of limonene.

Keywords

Biocomposite Limonene Natural rubber Pyrolysis
(1)
Saowapark, T.; Jaturapiree, A.; Sukrat, K.; Wattananit, W.; Chaichana, E. Investigation on Properties and Pyrolysis Performance of Natural Rubber Sugarcane Bagasse Biocomposites. ajc 2025, 37, 2298-2306.
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. A. Athijayamani, B. Stalin, S. Sidhardhan and A.B. Alavudeen, J. Polym. Eng., 36, 157 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0325
  2. A. Akinlabi, R.N. Laleye, S. Akinfenwa, A. Mosaku, A. Falomo, G. Oladipo, S. Oni, F. Falope and N. Ilesanmi, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 45, 1092 (2020); https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v45i6.553
  3. Z.M. Bekele, E. Woldesenbet and E.G. Koricho, J. Compos. Mater., 56, 4501 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1177/00219983221134152
  4. N.N. Sibiya, M.J. Mochane, T.E. Motaung, L.Z. Linganiso and S.P. Hlangothi, Wood Res., 63, 821 (2018).
  5. W. Han, D. Han and H. Chen, Polymers, 15, 1604 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071604
  6. W.M. Lewandowski, K. Januszewicz and W. Kosakowski, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 140, 25 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2019.03.018
  7. I. Hita, M. Arabiourrutia, M. Olazar, J. Bilbao, J.M. Arandes and P. Castaño, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 56, 745 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.081
  8. Z. Shen, W. Song, X. Li, L. Yang, C. Wang, Z. Hao and Z. Luo, J. Polym. Eng., 41, 404 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2020-0331
  9. N. Lopattananon, K. Panawarangkul, K. Sahakaro and B. Ellis, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 1974 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1002/app.24584
  10. K. Januszewicz, P. Kazimierski, T. Suchocki, D. Kardaś, W. Lewandowski, E. Klugmann-Radziemska and J. Łuczak, Materials, 13, 4435 (2020); https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194435
  11. S. Chemat, V. Tomao and F. Chemat, eds.: A. Mohammad, Limonene as Green Solvent for Extraction of Natural Products, In: Green Solvents I: Properties and Applications in Chemistry, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, p. 175 (2012).
  12. M.W. Malko and A. Wróblewska, Chemik, 70, 193 (2016).
  13. N. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, I.M. Maafa, U. Ahmed, P. Akhter, N. Shehzad, U. Amjad, M. Hussain and M. Javaid, Energy, 191, 116543 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116543
  14. S. Yan, D. Xia and W. Xuan, Fuel Process. Technol., 200, 106309 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106309
  15. J. Wang, J. Jiang, Z. Zhang, X. Meng, Y. Sun, A.J. Ragauskas, Q. Zhang and D.C.W. Tsang, Energy Convers. Manage., 270, 116250 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116250
  16. A.J. Bowles, Á. Nievas and G.D. Fowler, Sustain. Chem. Pharm., 32, 100972 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.100972
  17. Y. Zhang, G. Ji and A. Li, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 178, 287 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2023.08.018
  18. C.M. Hartquist, S. Lin, J.H. Zhang, S. Wang, M. Rubinstein and X. Zhao, Sci. Adv., 9, eadj0411 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj0411
  19. Y. Nie, Z. Gu, Y. Wei, T. Hao and Z. Zhou, Polym. J., 49, 309 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2016.114
  20. E.A. Dzyura, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 8, 165 (1980); https://doi.org/10.1080/00914038008077943
  21. N.I. Ismail and Z.A.M. Ishak, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 368, 012014 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/368/1/012014
  22. A.P. Mathew, K. Oksman and M. Sain, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 97, 2014 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21779
  23. H.D. Rozman, K.W. Tan, R.N. Kumar, A. Abubakar, Z.A. Mohd. Ishak and H. Ismail, Eur. Polym. J., 36, 1483 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-3057(99)00200-1
  24. E. Yao, Y. Wang, Q. Yang, H. Zhong, T. Liu, H. Zou and Y. Zhang, Energy Fuels, 33, 12450 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02918
  25. Y. Zhou, M. Fan, L. Chen and J. Zhuang, Composites B Eng., 76, 180 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.02.028
  26. O.M. Perrone, F.M. Colombari, J.S. Rossi, M.M.S. Moretti, S.E. Bordignon, C.C.C. Nunes, E. Gomes, M. Boscolo and R. Da-Silva, Bioresour. Technol., 218, 69 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.072
  27. P.K. Gallagher, eds.: K.H.J. Buschow, R.W. Cahn, M.C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E.J. Kramer, S. Mahajan and P. Veyssière, Thermal Analysis: Further Developments, In: Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 9141-9150 (2001).
  28. K. Lamnawar, A. Baudouin and A. Maazouz, Eur. Polym. J., 46, 1604 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.03.019
  29. B. Duan, H. Mo, B. Tan, X. Lu, B. Wang and N. Liu, Def. Technol., 31, 387 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2023.02.001
  30. Y. Wang and T.H. Hahn, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 92 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.03.030
  31. T.A. Singh, J. Das and P.C. Sil, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 286, 102317 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102317
  32. M.J.W. Povey, Introduction to Materials Science, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press (2013).
  33. Y. Han, J. Yu, T. Chen, X. Liu and L. Sun, J. Energy Inst., 94, 210 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2020.09.005
  34. R. Khan, B.A. Perez and H.E. Toraman, J. Chromatogr. A, 1732, 465244 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465244
  35. F. Wanignon Ferdinand, L. Van de Steene, K. Kamenan Blaise and T. Siaka, Fuel, 96, 141 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.007
  36. T. Kan, V. Strezov and T. Evans, Fuel, 191, 403 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.11.100
  37. B. Danon, P. van der Gryp, C.E. Schwarz and J.F. Görgens, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 112, 1 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.12.025
  38. X. Zhang, T. Wang, L. Ma and J. Chang, Waste Manag., 28, 2301 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.10.009
  39. I.M. Rofiqul, H. Haniu and A.B.M. Rafiqul, J. Environ. Eng., 2, 681 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1299/jee.2.681
  40. M. Arabiourrutia, M. Olazar, R. Aguado, G. López, A. Barona and J. Bilbao, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 7600 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800376d
  41. F. Chen and J. Qian, Fuel, 81, 2071 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00147-3
  42. H. Zhang, Y.-T. Cheng, T.P. Vispute, R. Xiao and G.W. Huber, Energy Environ. Sci., 4, 2297 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01230d
  43. P.S. Rezaei, H. Shafaghat and W.M.A.W. Daud, Appl. Catal. A Gen., 469, 490 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2013.09.036
  44. N. Ahmad, F. Abnisa and W.M.A. Wan Daud, Fuel, 218, 227 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.117
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 187 Download : 100
PlumX