Speciation and Enrichment of Cadmium and Lead from Water Samples using Fe3O4/rGO Sorbent in Dispersive Magnetic Micro-Solid Phase Extraction with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Abstract

This work reports the development of dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) with high resolution ICP-OES for the pre-concentration of cadmium and lead in water samples. The method uses magnetic reduced graphene oxide (Fe₃O₄/rGO) as adsorbent. The influences of sample pH, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time were evaluated and optimized. In the optimized conditions, linear calibration curves for Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were obtained in the range of 10-2000 μg L^-1 with correlation coefficients of 0.9996 and 0.9995, respectively. Low detection limits of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were found to be 9.03 μg L^-1 and 12.4 μg L^-1, respectively. Good relative recovery values, in the range of 91-95% and excellent repeatability of 6.4-9.9%, (n = 3) were obtained. The results revealed that Fe₃O₄/rGO can be a suitable nanocomposite sorbent in the speciation and pre-concentration of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ for tap water and drinking water samples. The method is rapid, selective, reliable and environmentally friendly for the determination of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in water samples.