Copyright (c) 2021 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Comparative Study of Methods of Chemical Modification of Dehydrated Castor oil for Synthesis of Biolubricant
Corresponding Author(s) : S. Rajwani
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 33 No. 5 (2021): Vol 33 Issue 5, 2021
Abstract
Vegetable oil blends are the emerging alternative feedstocks, which are being used to synthesize environment friendly lubricants. This work focuses on the Comparison of the methods of chemical modification, which are used for the biolubricant synthesis and also compares the resultant behaviour characterized on their thermal stability and viscosity. The biolubricant products are synthesized using two chemical modification methods. Method 1: Epoxidation of vegetable oil followed by transesterification of epoxidized oil. Method 2: Preparation of methyl esters (Transesterification) followed by epoxidation of methyl esters. Biolubricant derived from method 1 shows better thermal stability (Tonset = 338 ºC) compared to method 2 (Tonset = 205 ºC). The viscosity indices and pour point values of the products were found to be 222; 4.6 ºC and 216; 6.0 ºC, respectively. Thus, the biolubricant derived from first method showed better physio-chemical properties and were comparable and a blend of non edible oil and waste cooking oil acts as potential basestock for biolubricant synthesis.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- A. Adhvaryu, Z. Liu and S.Z. Erhan, Ind. Crops Prod., 21, 113 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.02.001
- Y.M. Shashidhara and S.R. Jayaram, Tribol. Int., 43, 1073 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.065
- A. Bírová, A. Pavlovièová and J. Cvenroš, J. Synth. Lubr., 18, 291 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000180405
- S.M. Agrawal, S. Lahane, N.G. Patil and P.K. Brahmankar, Procedia Eng., 97, 4 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.218
- I.B. Bankovic-Ilic, O.S. Stamenkovic and V.B. Veljkovic, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 16, 3621 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.002
- C.J. Reeves, P.L. Menezes, T.C. Jen and M.R. Lovell, Tribol. Int., 90, 123 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.021
- H.A. Hamid, R. Yunus, U. Rashid, T.S.Y. Choong, S. Ali and A.M. Syam, Fuel, 166, 560 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.022
- E.K. Heikal, M.S. Elmelawy, S.A. Khalil and N.M. Elbasuny, Egypt. J. Pet., 26, 53 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.03.003
- A. Sammaiah, K.V. Padmaja and R.B. Narayna Prasad, J. Oleo Sci., 63, 637 (2014); https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess13172
- R.D. Kulkarni, P.S. Deshpande, S.U. Mahajan and P.P. Mahulikar, Ind. Crops Prod., 49, 586 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.006
- D. Malhotra, J. Mukherjee and M.N. Gupta, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 119, 280 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.08.005
- C.P. do Valle, J.S. Rodrigues, L.M.U.D. Fechine, A.P. Cunha, J. Queiroz Malveira, F.M.T. Luna and N.M.P.S. Ricardo, J. Clean. Prod., 191, 158 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.062
- T.M. Panchal, D.D. Chauhan, M. Thomas and J.V. Patel, Res. J. Agric. Environ. Manage., 3, 97 (2014).
- C.-C. Ting and C.-C. Chen, Measurement, 44, 1337 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2011.04.005
- W. Li and X. Wang, J. Oleo Sci., 64, 367 (2015); https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess14235
- K. Kamalakar, G.N.V.T. Sai Manoj, R.B.N. Prasad and M.S.L. Karuna, Grasas Aceites, 66, 55 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0576141
- S. Rajwani and P.K.S. Yadav, Chemical Modification of Dehydrated Castor Oil for Synthesis of Biolubricant, In Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Chemical Engineering (AdChE) (2020). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3701154
- C. Paquot, Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives Part I, 6th edn. Pergamon, Oxford, ed.: 6, p. 66 (1979).
- S. Rajwani and P.K.S. Yadav, Test Eng. Manag. J., 83, 23414 (2020).
- A. Campanella, C. Fontanini and M.A. Baltanas, Chem. Eng. J., 144, 466 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.016
- J. Salimon, N. Salih and E. Yousif, Ind. Crops Prod., 38, 107 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.01.019
- E.D.C. Cavalcanti, É.C.G. Aguieiras, P.R. da Silva, J.G. Duarte, E.P. Cipolatti, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, J.A.C. da Silva and D.M.G. Freire, Fuel, 215, 705 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.119
- R. Mungroo, N.C. Pradhan, V.V. Goud and A.K. Dalai, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 85, 887 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1277-z
- A.K. Tripathi and R. Vinu, Lubricants, 3, 54 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants3010054
- G. Knothe, J.V. Gerpen, J. Krahl and L.P. Ramos, Manual de Biodiesel Edgard Blücher, São Paulo (2006).
- S.Z. Erhan and J.M. Perez, The American Oil Chemists Society (2002).
- R. Yunus and X. Luo, Adv. Bioenergy, 2, 183 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aibe.2016.11.001
- M. U. Dabai, F. J. Owuna, M. A. Sokoto and A. L. Abubakar, Asian J. Appl. Chem. Res., 1, 1 (2018); https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2018/v1i49691
- Brazilian Nacional Petroleum Agency (ANP), Resolução ANP No. 22, Published in DOU on 14/04/2014, 76, Section 01 (2014).
References
A. Adhvaryu, Z. Liu and S.Z. Erhan, Ind. Crops Prod., 21, 113 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.02.001
Y.M. Shashidhara and S.R. Jayaram, Tribol. Int., 43, 1073 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.065
A. Bírová, A. Pavlovièová and J. Cvenroš, J. Synth. Lubr., 18, 291 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000180405
S.M. Agrawal, S. Lahane, N.G. Patil and P.K. Brahmankar, Procedia Eng., 97, 4 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.218
I.B. Bankovic-Ilic, O.S. Stamenkovic and V.B. Veljkovic, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 16, 3621 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.002
C.J. Reeves, P.L. Menezes, T.C. Jen and M.R. Lovell, Tribol. Int., 90, 123 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.021
H.A. Hamid, R. Yunus, U. Rashid, T.S.Y. Choong, S. Ali and A.M. Syam, Fuel, 166, 560 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.022
E.K. Heikal, M.S. Elmelawy, S.A. Khalil and N.M. Elbasuny, Egypt. J. Pet., 26, 53 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.03.003
A. Sammaiah, K.V. Padmaja and R.B. Narayna Prasad, J. Oleo Sci., 63, 637 (2014); https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess13172
R.D. Kulkarni, P.S. Deshpande, S.U. Mahajan and P.P. Mahulikar, Ind. Crops Prod., 49, 586 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.006
D. Malhotra, J. Mukherjee and M.N. Gupta, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 119, 280 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.08.005
C.P. do Valle, J.S. Rodrigues, L.M.U.D. Fechine, A.P. Cunha, J. Queiroz Malveira, F.M.T. Luna and N.M.P.S. Ricardo, J. Clean. Prod., 191, 158 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.062
T.M. Panchal, D.D. Chauhan, M. Thomas and J.V. Patel, Res. J. Agric. Environ. Manage., 3, 97 (2014).
C.-C. Ting and C.-C. Chen, Measurement, 44, 1337 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2011.04.005
W. Li and X. Wang, J. Oleo Sci., 64, 367 (2015); https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess14235
K. Kamalakar, G.N.V.T. Sai Manoj, R.B.N. Prasad and M.S.L. Karuna, Grasas Aceites, 66, 55 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0576141
S. Rajwani and P.K.S. Yadav, Chemical Modification of Dehydrated Castor Oil for Synthesis of Biolubricant, In Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Chemical Engineering (AdChE) (2020). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3701154
C. Paquot, Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils, Fats and Derivatives Part I, 6th edn. Pergamon, Oxford, ed.: 6, p. 66 (1979).
S. Rajwani and P.K.S. Yadav, Test Eng. Manag. J., 83, 23414 (2020).
A. Campanella, C. Fontanini and M.A. Baltanas, Chem. Eng. J., 144, 466 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.07.016
J. Salimon, N. Salih and E. Yousif, Ind. Crops Prod., 38, 107 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.01.019
E.D.C. Cavalcanti, É.C.G. Aguieiras, P.R. da Silva, J.G. Duarte, E.P. Cipolatti, R. Fernandez-Lafuente, J.A.C. da Silva and D.M.G. Freire, Fuel, 215, 705 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.119
R. Mungroo, N.C. Pradhan, V.V. Goud and A.K. Dalai, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 85, 887 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-008-1277-z
A.K. Tripathi and R. Vinu, Lubricants, 3, 54 (2015); https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants3010054
G. Knothe, J.V. Gerpen, J. Krahl and L.P. Ramos, Manual de Biodiesel Edgard Blücher, São Paulo (2006).
S.Z. Erhan and J.M. Perez, The American Oil Chemists Society (2002).
R. Yunus and X. Luo, Adv. Bioenergy, 2, 183 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aibe.2016.11.001
M. U. Dabai, F. J. Owuna, M. A. Sokoto and A. L. Abubakar, Asian J. Appl. Chem. Res., 1, 1 (2018); https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2018/v1i49691
Brazilian Nacional Petroleum Agency (ANP), Resolução ANP No. 22, Published in DOU on 14/04/2014, 76, Section 01 (2014).