Essential Oil Composition and in vitro Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil of Aerial Part of Ocimum americanum L. Collected from Kumaun Region of India

Pankaj Arya; Manoj Karakoti; Prasoon Kumar Joshi; Rashmi Tewari

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2025.33564

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Vol. 37 No. 5 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 5, 2025

Issue Published : 30 April 2025

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Essential Oil Composition and in vitro Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil of Aerial Part of Ocimum americanum L. Collected from Kumaun Region of India

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33564

Pankaj Arya

Department of Chemistry, M.B. Government P.G. College, Haldwani-263139, India

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3906-8676

Manoj Karakoti

Department of Chemistry, M.B. Government P.G. College, Haldwani-263139, India

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4677-4970

Prasoon Kumar Joshi

Department of Chemistry, S.S.J.D.W.S.S.S. Government Post Graduate College, Ranikhet-263645, India

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-6183

Rashmi Tewari

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, India

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-3018

Corresponding Author(s) : Prasoon Kumar Joshi

prasoonjoshi2012@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 5 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 5, 2025
Article Published : 30 April 2025

Abstract

The essential oil of aerial part of Ocimum americanum L. was extracted by hydrodistillation process using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC and GC-MS techniques. The yield of volatile oil was obtained as 0.27% (w/w) and a total 25 compounds were reported which constituted 96.28% of the total essential oil composition. Estragole is identified as major compound (69.54%) and linalool is reported as 5.28%. In the analysis of antifungal activities, the treatment appears to be most effective against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, with moderate effects on Bipolaris maydis and Curvularia lunata. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, however, remains largely unaffected by the treatment across all concentrations, indicating that it may require different or higher concentrations for effective control. The essential oil of Ocimum americanum exhibits the strongest antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, with the lowest IC₅₀ value of 95.3675 ppm. This suggests that F. oxysporum is the most susceptible to the essential oil, requiring the least concentration to inhibit 50% of fungal growth. In contrast, the essential oil shows the weakest activity against S. sclerotiorum, with an IC₅₀ value of 634.294 ppm, indicating that it requires a higher concentration to achieve the same level of inhibition.

Keywords

Ocimum americanum Essential oil composition Estragole Antifungal activities

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Arya, P.; Karakoti, M.; Joshi, P. K.; Tewari, R. Essential Oil Composition and in Vitro Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil of Aerial Part of Ocimum Americanum L. Collected from Kumaun Region of India. ajc 2025, 37, 1069-1074.

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D. Tewari, A.N. Sah, H.K. Pandey and H.S. Meena, Int. J. Ayurvedic Med., 3, 1 (2012); https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v3i1.103

K.J. Lachowicz, G.P. Jones, D.R. Briggs, F.E. Bienvenu, J. Wan and A. Wilcock, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 26, 209 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.1998.00321.x

A. Sareen, S. Shah and S. Patil, Syst. Rev. Pharm., 15, 176 (2024).

S.C. Umerie, H.U. Anaso and L.J.C. Anyasoro, Bioresour. Technol., 64, 237 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00188-0

O. Politeo, M. Jukic and M. Milos, Food Chem., 101, 379 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.01.045

P. Du, H. Yuan, Y. Chen, H. Zhou, Y. Zhang, M. Huang, Y. Jiangfang, R. Su, Q. Chen, J. Lai, L. Guan, Y. Ding, H. Hu and J. Luo, Metabolites, 13, 85 (2023); https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010085

H.D.A. Dharsono, S.A. Putri, D. Kurnia, D. Dudi and M.H. Satari, Molecules, 27, 6350 (2022); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196350

U. Anand, C.K. Tudu, S. Nandy, K. Sunita, V. Tripathi, G.J. Loake, A. Dey and J. Procków, J. Ethnopharmacol., 284, 114744 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114744

O. Ekundayo, I. Laakso and R. Hiltunen, Flavour Fragr. J., 4, 17 (1989); https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730040104

S.K. Sen and L.M. Behera, Indian J. Tradit. Knowl., 7, 425 (2008).

L.D.L. Silva, Q.I. Garlet, G. Koakoski, M.S.D. Abreu, C.A. Mallmann, B. Baldisserotto and B.M. Heinzmann, Neotrop. Ichthyol., 13, 715 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20150012

K. Sunitha and N. Begum, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem., 3, 95 (2013).

A. Shah and S. Rahim, J. Ethnopharmacol., 200, 84 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.005

S. Thaweboon and B. Thaweboon, Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 40, 1025 (2009).

L. Ntezurubanza, J.J. Scheffer and A. Looman, Pharm. Weekbl. Sci., 7, 273 (1985); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01959201

M.Y. Mahendra, R.A. Purba, T.B. Dadi and H. Pertiwi, Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 37, 537 (2023); https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2022.135092.2445

A.H. Bezerra, S.R. Bezerra, N.S. Macedo, Z. de Sousa Silveira, C.R. Dos Santos Barbosa, T.S. de Freitas, D.F. Muniz, D.L. de Sousa Jr., J.P. Siqueira Jr., I.A. Donato, H. Coutinho and F. da Cunha, Life Sci., 264, 118675 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118675

R. da Costa, J.E. Rocha, T.S. de Freitas, R. Pereira, F. Junior, M. de Oliveira, F. Batista, H. Coutinho and I. de Menezes, Arch. Microbiol., 203, 3551 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02347-x

Y.R. Song, M.S. Choi, G.W. Choi, I.K. Park and C.S. Oh, Plant Pathol. J., 32, 363 (2016); https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.NT.01.2016.0006

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S. Srivastava and R.P. Singh, Indian Perfumer, 45, 49 (2001).

R.K. Grover and J.D. Moore, Phytopathology, 52, 876 (1962).

H.H. Mckinney, J. Agric. Res., 26, 195 (1923).

R.P. Adams, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, Allured Publication, Carol Stream, Illinois, USA (2007).

K.I. Goodner, LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 41, 951 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.007

R.P. Adams, M.S. González Elizondo, M.G. Elizondo and E. Slinkman, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 34, 205 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2005.11.004

V.I. Babushok, P.J. Linstrom and I.G. Zenkevich, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 40, 043101 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3653552

S. Singh, G. Tewari, C. Pande and C. Singh, J. Essent. Oil Res., 25, 278 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775079

N. Sarma, T. Begum, S.K. Pandey, R. Gogoi, S. Munda and M. Lal, J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants, 23, 1035 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2020.1838333

N. Sarma, T. Begum, S.K. Pandey, R. Gogoi, S. Munda and M. Lal, J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants, 23, 601 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2020.1796822

H, Soibam, H.Y. Chanu, N. Lego, T. Nyodu, D.K. Pandey and T. Begum, J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants, 25, 657 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2022.2105663

Author biographies is not available.