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Vol. 37 No. 5 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 5, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Dinesh Pandithavidana, Diyathi Karunaratne , Samith Jayawardana , Harindu Rajapaksha , Yasas Sathyajith

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Comparative Computational Analysis of Antidiabetic Potential of Diosgenin, Costunolide and Eremanthin from Costus speciosus (Sri Lankan Thebu)

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33519
Diyathi N. Karunaratne
Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0588-7628
Samith B. Jayawardana
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-7692
Harindu Rajapaksha
Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3988-8882
Yasas Sathyajith
Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6390-5669
Dinesh R. Pandithavidana
Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-7263

Corresponding Author(s) : Dinesh R. Pandithavidana

dinesh@kln.ac.lk

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 5 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 5, 2025

Abstract

Costus speciosus is a medicinal plant used in Eastern medicine (also known as Asian medicine) due to its phytochemical content, which has been shown to significantly lower blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the antidiabetic potential of diosgenin, costunolide and eremanthin from Costus speciosus, in comparison to the standard drug, acarbose. Molecular docking studies revealed that diosgenin exhibited the highest potential as a natural antidiabetic agent by inhibiting four diabetic-regulating enzymes with docking score values ranging from -9.33 to -10.43 kcal/mol. Diosgenin also met Lipinski’s rules with minimal violations, supporting its potential as a drug candidate. In silico ADMET analysis indicated that diosgenin had a favourable P value (5.01), suggesting high lipophilicity and membrane permeability. Toxicity analysis classified diosgenin in toxicity class 6 based on its LD50 value of 8000 mg/kg, indicating its potential as a safe and effective antidiabetic drug.

Keywords

Costus speciosus Antidiabetic Diosgenin Molecular docking
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Karunaratne, D. N.; Jayawardana, S. B.; Rajapaksha, H.; Sathyajith, Y.; Pandithavidana, D. R. Comparative Computational Analysis of Antidiabetic Potential of Diosgenin, Costunolide and Eremanthin from Costus Speciosus (Sri Lankan Thebu). ajc 2025, 37, 1075-1082.
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