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Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 3, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 kumari P Kumari P

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Lactobacillus sp., Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Anticancer Activity on A549 Lung Cancer Cell Lines

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33297
M.I. Anjana
Department of Microbiology, Rathnavel Subramaniam (RVS) College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641402, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0639-8634
M. Abiyoga
Department of Microbiology, Rathnavel Subramaniam (RVS) College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641402, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2051-0004
K. Rajalakshmy
Department of Microbiology, Rathnavel Subramaniam (RVS) College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641402, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-9956
P. Saravana Kumari
Department of Microbiology, Rathnavel Subramaniam (RVS) College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641402, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9859

Corresponding Author(s) : P. Saravana Kumari

sarankumaribs@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 3, 2025

Abstract

Targeting certain signaling pathways may enable innovative therapeutics to overcome chemotherapy and radiation’s limitations, therefore, nanoparticle biosynthesis provides a promising alternative. This study investigates Lactobacillus sp., mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a therapeutic approach against lung cancer A549 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, zeta potential and DLS analyses, confirming their nanoscale size and structural integrity. The UV-Vis spectra analysis of ZnO NPs revealed a significant absorption peak at approximately 392 nm. FTIR investigation confirms the functional groups in Lactobacillus sp., mediated ZnO NPs. Electron microscopy and XRD validated the spherical/cubic crystalline structure of ZnO NPs, averaging 30-40 nm in size. Strong signals in EDAX spectrum confirmed ZnO NPs formation. Zeta potential and DLS analysis showed biosynthesized ZnO NPs stability and particle size. The cytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs on A549 cancer cells was dose- and time-dependent, with an IC50 at 38 µg/mL. Morphological changes such as cell shrinkage and nuclear fragmentation in treated cell lines indicative of apoptosis observed via AO/EB staining. Flow cytometry revealed that ZnO NPs induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, ZnO NPs significantly reduced A549 cell migration. These findings highlight the potential of Lactobacillus sp., mediated ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly, novel and effective strategy in cancer nanomedicine for lung cancer treatment.

Keywords

Biosynthesis Drug delivery Lactobacillus sp. Anticancer activity A549 Cancer cell line
Anjana, M., Abiyoga, M., Rajalakshmy, K., & Kumari, P. S. (2025). Lactobacillus sp., Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and their Anticancer Activity on A549 Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 37(3), 661–672. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33297
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