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Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 3, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Amita Khatri, Vishal Panghal, Asha Singh, Shruti Sharma , Rachna Bhateria, Rohit Kumar, Sunder Singh Arya, Sunil Kumar

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Evaluating Water Quality of Village Ponds using Water Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical Techniques: A Case Study of Rohtak Block, Haryana, India

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33272
Amita Khatri
Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2018-3940
Vishal Panghal
Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5534-5183
Asha Singh
Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-2617
Shruti Sharma
Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2399-879X
Rachna Bhateria
Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-6172
Rohit Kumar
Department of Geography, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5065-7008
Sunder Singh Arya
Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-0965
Sunil Kumar
Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7273-3911

Corresponding Author(s) : Sunil Kumar

sunilevs@yahoo.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 3 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 3, 2025

Abstract

Pond water pollution has become a menace caused by various anthropogenic factors such as agricultural runoff, industrial waste and domestic wastewater. This study aims to assess the water quality and pollution levels in rural village ponds of Rohtak block, Haryana state, India. To assess the water quality, a total of 34 samples from 22 villages and one from the Tilyar city lake were collected. Various physico-chemical parameters were determined using standard methods. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were varied from 105 to 4254 mg/L, maximum was recored at S5 site (Shimli village). The 30% water samples for TDS, 62% for total hardness (TH) and 56% for Mg2+ surpass the prescribed limits of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 mg/L and 1.6 to 34.4 mg/L respectively, maximum recorded at S1 site (Sunderpur village). The 90% of the samples have very low DO (> 4 mg/L) and have higher BOD (< 2 mg/L) indicating a high organic load in the ponds. The water quality index (WQI) shows that 82% of samples were not fit for human consumption. Multivariate statistical technique, principal component analysis (PCA) reported that the first four principal components (PCs) accounted for 77.46% of the variance in water samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) formed up four different clusters. It can be concluded that the pond water quality of the block has deteriorated and domestic wastewater treatment needs to be done by district administration.

Keywords

Rural ponds Statistical techniques Water quality Organic pollution Rohtak block
Khatri, A., Panghal, V., Singh, A., Sharma, S., Bhateria, R., Kumar, R., … Kumar, S. (2025). Evaluating Water Quality of Village Ponds using Water Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical Techniques: A Case Study of Rohtak Block, Haryana, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 37(3), 653–660. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33272
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