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Vol. 37 No. 2 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 2, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Gopi Chandravadivelu, MAGHARLA DASARATHA DHANARAJU, AR MAGESH, THIYAGARAJAN DEEPAN, ALEKHYA VEERAMANENI, KAVITHA DHANARAJU, SOMASUNDARAM RAMACHANDRAN

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Design, Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Novel Indole-Based Mannich Base Derivatives

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33007
Chandravadivelu Gopi
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-5474
Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju
Research Lab, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-7051
Somasundaram Ramachandran
Department of Pharmacology, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-9112
A.R. Magesh
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1359-5516
Thiyagarajan Deepan
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-3993
Alekkhya Veeramaneni
Department of Pharmacognosy, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7545-6569
Kavitha Dhanaraju
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GIET School of Pharmacy, Rajamahendravaram-533296, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-7939

Corresponding Author(s) : Chandravadivelu Gopi

gopi@giet.ac.in

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 2 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 2, 2025

Abstract

The object of the present investigation is to synthesize and estimate the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of indole-based Mannich base derivatives (M1-M5). These analogues were synthesized by condensation technique between indole, formaldehyde/furfuraldehyde and substituted aliphatic/aromatic amines. These analogue structures were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Initially, indole-based Mannich base derivatives therapeutic activities were assessed from AUTODOCK score after the successful binding with Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase B and cyclooxygenase 2. Each mannich base derivative had revealed an excellent affinity towards the target. Furthermore, the derivatives were also screened for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities by in vitro methods. The study findings demostrated that these analogues have considerable antimicrobial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, A. flavus and A. niger. Whereas, the anti-inflammatory activity result suggested that the novel indole-based Mannich derivatives significantly controlled the protein denatured and RBC haemolysis. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity result reveals that compounds exhibited worthy activity due to the presence of the phenyl, piperidine, morpholine ring as a part of the structure. Analogues M2, M3 and M5 had shown remarkable activity compared to the other compounds. Therefore, these analogues can be considered for the development of new antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.

Keywords

Indole Mannich base Antimicrobial Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant activity
Gopi, C., Dhanaraju, M. D., Ramachandran, S., Magesh, A., Deepan, T., Veeramaneni, A., & Dhanaraju, K. (2025). Design, Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Novel Indole-Based Mannich Base Derivatives. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 37(2), 349–354. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33007
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