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Vol. 37 No. 2 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 2, 2025

Copyright (c) 2025 Divya Gautam, Yogesh Kumar Walia, Vishal Rana

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Alkali-Pretreated Parthenium hysterophorus with Adsorption Kinetic Studies

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33005
Divya Gautam
Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur-176041, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-2888
Yogesh Kumar Walia
Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur-176041, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-262X
Vishal Rana
Department of Chemistry, Thakur P.G. College of Education, Dhaliara, Kangra-177103, India
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6036-6090

Corresponding Author(s) : Divya Gautam

gautamdivya167@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 37 No. 2 (2025): Vol 37 Issue 2, 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) derived from Parthenium hysterophorus biomass through acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis of cellulose extracted from Parthenium resulted in a significant increase in crystallinity, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), with the nanocellulose exhibiting a crystallinity index of 77%. SEM images revealed that acid hydrolysis resulted in the alteration of the fibrous and coiled structure of cellulose, resulting in the formation of spherical cellulose nanocrystals. The TEM analysis of cellulose nanocrystals revealed an average diameter of approximately 36-79 nm, demonstrating the impact of acid hydrolysis on morphology. Further the structural characterization using FTIR indicated the preservation of cellulose chemical structure, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed improved thermal stability of the nanocellulose compared to raw biomass post-processing. Zeta potential analysis highlighted strong colloidal stability with a highly negative surface charge (-28.9 ± 6.18 mV), essential for applications requiring dispersion stability. In adsorption studies, the synthesized nanocellulose effectively removed 75% of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions at room temperature, following pseudo second-order kinetics. This study underscores the potential of Parthenium-derived nanocellulose in sustainable materials applications, leveraging invasive weed biomass for eco-friendly nanomaterial production. The findings contribute to advancing sustainable materials research by demonstrating the utility of Parthenium biomass for value-added nanomaterial production, specifically highlighting the enhanced properties and effective adsorption capabilities of the synthesized nanocellulose.

Keywords

Biomass Cellulose nanocrystals Adsorption capabilities Morphology Sustainable
Gautam, D., Walia, Y. K., & Rana, V. (2025). Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Alkali-Pretreated Parthenium hysterophorus with Adsorption Kinetic Studies. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 37(2), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2025.33005
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