This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Annonaine an Alkaloid from the Leaves of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa): A Comprehensive Review on its Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities
Corresponding Author(s) : S. Dash
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 32 No. 8 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 8, 2020
Abstract
Annona squamosa is most widely distributed in tropical and subtropical region native to tropical America comes under the Annonaceae family. It is a widely used tree having edible fruits called as custard apple which is eatable. Annona squamosa plant also contains 35-42 mg/100 g of vitamin C and significant value of nutrient like thiamine, amino acid, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, potassium and dietary fibers. It also contains the phytoconstituents like diterpenes, alkaloids, cyclopeptides and annonaceous acetogenins proved by phytochemistry investigations. The plant Annona squamosa show a number of pharmacological activities like insecticidal, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antimalarial, analgesic and wound healing activity. The vermicidal effect of leaves is responsible for the treatment of tumors, wounds and other skin infections. A number of alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of plant. Most of them belong to aporphine group of alkaloids. Among all the phytoconstituents an alkaloid Annonaine, plays a vital role for its biological activity. The present review represents the phytochemical constituents, biological action, traditional as well as medicinal uses of Annona squamosa. Sugar apple might be the better explored plant part used in treatment of many disorders and the present critical study will hopefully provide a disease free and healthy life to the human society.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- S.Z. Moghadamtousi, B.H. Goh, C.K. Chan, T. Shabab and H.A. Kadir, Molecules, 18, 10465 (2013); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910465
- M. Zahid, M. Mujahid, P.K. Singh, S. Farooqui, K. Singh and S. Parveen, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 9, 1745 (2018).
- K.R. Kirtikar and B.D. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants, Lalit Mohan Basu: Allahabad, India, edn 2, vol. 1, 66 (1980).
- S.B. Vohora, I. Kumar and S. Naqvi, Planta Med., 28, 97 (1975); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097835
- R.K. Gupta, A.N. Kesari, P.S. Murthy, R. Chandra, V. Tandon and G. Watal, J. Ethnopharmacol., 99, 75 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.048
- T.R. Seetharaman, Fitoterapia, 57, 189 (1986).
- D.S. Bhakuni, S. Tewari and M.M. Dhar, Phytochemistry, 11, 1819 (1972); https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(72)85042-8
- P. Forgacs, J.F. Desconclois, R. Provost, R. Tiberghien and A. Touché, Phytochemistry, 19, 1251 (1980); https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)83102-5
- D.S. Raj, J.J. Vennila, C. Aiyavu and K. Panneerselvam, Int. J. Integr. Biol., 5, 182 (2009).
- S. Srivastava, V.K. Lal and K.K. Pant, J. Pharm. Res., 4, 4596 (2011).
- J.F. Morton, Sugar Apple, In: Fruits of Warm Climate, Published by Julia F. Morton, 20534 SW 92 Ct. Miami, FL USA, pp 69-72 (2013). ISBN: 0-9610184-1-0.
- Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), Taxonomy for Plants USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, pp 7-11 (1997).
- Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Plants Profile Annona squamosa, United States Department of Agriculture, p 4-17 (2008).
- R. Wunderlin and B. Hansen, Synonyms of Annona squamosa: Atlas Florida Vasc Plants, 4, 24-27 (2008).
- J.H. Crane, C.F. Balerdi and I. Maguire, Sugar Apple Growing in the Florida Home Landscape, 4, 4-19 (1994).
- M. Arif, M. Kamal, T. Jawaid, M. Khalid, K.S. Saini, A. Kumar and M. Ahmad, Asian J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci., 6, 14 (2016).
- S. Gajalakshmi, R. Divya, V.D. Deepika, S. Mythili and A. Sathiavelu, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 10, 24 (2011).
- A. Shirwaikar, K. Rajendran, C.D. Kumar and R. Bodla, J. Ethnopharmacol., 91, 171 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.017
- W. Yu, M. Ma, X. Chen, J. Min, L. Li, Y. Zheng, Y. Li, J. Wang and Q. Wang, Am. J. Chin. Med., 45, 1 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X1750001X
- M.M. Rahman, S. Parvin, M.E. Haque, M.E. Islam and M.A. Mosaddik, Fitoterapia, 76, 484 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.002
- R.K. Gupta, A.N. Kesari, S. Diwakar, A. Tyagi, V. Tandon, R. Chandra and G. Watal, J. Ethnopharmacol., 118, 21 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.008
- R. Vijayalakshmi and T. Nithiya, World J. Res. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 4, 1257 (2015).
- A.F. Dos Santos and A.E.G. Sant’Ana, Phytomedicine, 8, 115 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00008
- J.L. Landolt, K.I. Ahammadsahib, R.M. Hollingworth, R. Barr, F.L. Crane, N.L. Buerckv, G.P. McCabe and J.L. McLaughlin, Chem. Biol. Interact., 98, 1 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(95)03628-Y
- I.B. ba Ndob, P. Champy, C. Gleye, G. Lewin and B. Akendengué, Phytochem. Lett., 2, 72 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2008.11.006
- J.D. Patel and V. Kumar, J. Pharm. Res., 1, 34 (2008).
- N. Pandey and D. Barve, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2, 2229 (2011).
- M.J. Chavan, P.S. Wakte and D.B. Shinde, Phytomedicine, 17, 149 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.016
- L.R. Sun, H. Zhu, L.S. Gan, J.X. Mo, F. Feng and C.X. Zhou, China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 37, 2100 (2012).
- K.R. Kirtikar and B.D. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants, Prabasi Press: Allahabad, India (1918).
- A.C. Santos, Philipine J. Sci., 43, 561 (1930).
- H.T. Li, H.M. Wu, H.L. Chen, C.M. Liu and C.Y. Chen, Molecules, 18, 8257 (2013);https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18078257
- B.H. Chen, H.W. Chang, H.M. Huang, I.W. Chong, J.S. Chen, C.-Y. Chen and H.-M. Wang, J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 2284 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103488j
- C.Y. Chen, T.Z. Liu, W.C. Tseng, F.J. Lu, R.P. Hung, C.H. Chen and C.-H. Chen, Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2694 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.024
- M.C. Zafra-Polo, M.C. González, E. Estornell, S. Sahpaz and D. Cortes, Phytochemistry, 42, 253 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00836-5
- A. Bermejo, B. Figadère, M.C. Zafra-Polo, I. Barrachina, E. Estornell and D. Cortes, Nat. Prod. Rep., 22, 269 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1039/B500186M
- N. Kojima and T. Tanaka, Molecules, 14, 3621 (2009); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14093621
- J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 71, 1311 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/np800191t
- M. Carmen Zafra-Polo, B. Figadère, T. Gallardo, J.R. Tormo and D. Cortes, Phytochemistry, 48, 1087 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00917-5
- F.Q. Alali, X.-X. Liu and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 62, 504 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1021/np980406d
- D.J. Craik, N.L. Daly, T. Bond and C. Waine, J. Mol. Biol., 294, 1327 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.3383
- Y.C. Wu, Y.C. Hung, F.R. Chang, M. Cosentino, H.K. Wang and K.H. Lee, J. Nat. Prod., 59, 635 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1021/np960416j
- C.X. Zhou, L.R. Sun, F. Feng, J.X. Mo, H. Zhu, B. Yang, Q.-J. He and L.-S. Gan, Helv. Chim. Acta, 96, 656 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201200249
- Y.Y. Chen, G.G. Bai and Y. Chen, Zhong Yao Cai, 38, 1430 (2015).
- S.H. Yeh, F.R. Chang, Y.C. Wu, Y.L. Yang, S.K. Zhuo and T.L. Hwang, Planta Med., 71, 904 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-871234
- Y.L. Yang, F.R. Chang, C.C. Wu, W.Y. Wang and Y.-C. Wu, J. Nat. Prod., 65, 1462 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/np020191e
- D.K. Yadav, N. Singh, K. Dev, R. Sharma, M. Sahai, G. Palit and R. Maurya, Fitoterapia, 82, 666 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.005
- V.K. Soni, D.K. Yadav, N. Bano, P. Dixit, M. Pathak, R. Maurya, M. Sahai, S.K. Jain and S. Misra-Bhattacharya, Fitoterapia, 83, 110 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.09.019
- M. Jayendra and Y. Kumar, Int. J. Chem. Anal. Sci., 4, 161 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.005
- M. You, D.B.M. Wickramaratne, G.L. Silva, H. Chai, T.E. Chagwedera, N.R. Farnsworth, G.A. Cordell, A.D. Kinghorn and J.M. Pezzuto, J. Nat. Prod., 58, 598 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1021/np50118a021
- P.K. Bhaumik, B. Mukherjee, J.P. Juneau, N.S. Bhacca and R. Mukherjee, Phytochemistry, 18, 1584 (1979); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98511-X
- X. Li, X.L. Chen, J.W. Chen and D.D. Sun, Chem. Nat. Compd., 46, 101 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9538-0
- D.C. Hopp, F.Q. Alali, Z.M. Gu and J.L. McLaughlin, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 6, 569 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(98)00018-2
- Y. Chen, J.W. Chen and X. Li, Phytochem. Lett., 5, 33 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2011.08.015
- F. Yuan, G.G. Bai, Y. Chen, Y.J. Miao, J.W. Chen and X. Li, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25, 787 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.088
- Y. Chen, J.W. Chen and X. Li, J. Nat. Prod., 74, 2477 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1021/np200708q
- Y. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.H. Zhai, Y. Wang, S.L. Wang and X. Li, Food Chem. Toxicol., 58, 394 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.028
- C.M. Li, N.H. Tan, Q. Mu, H.L. Zheng, X.J. Hao and Y. Wu, Phytochemistry, 45, 521 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00829-1
- Y.L. Yang, K.F. Hua, P.H. Chuang, S.H. Wu, K. Wu, F.-R. Chang and Y. Wu, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 386 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072594w
- H. Morita, Y. Sato and J. Kobayashi, Tetrahedron, 55, 7509 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00372-5
- S. Garg and D. Gupta, J. Essent. Oil Res., 17, 257 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698894
- C.S. Meira, E.T. Guimarães, T.S. Macedo, T.B. Da Silva, L.R. Menezes, E.V. Costa and M.B.P. Soares, J. Essent. Oil Res., 27, 160 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982876
- M.J. Chavan, D.B. Shinde and S.A. Nirmal, Nat. Prod. Res., 20, 754 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410500138823
- E.H.A. Andrade, M.G.B. Zoghbi, J.G.S. Maia, H. Fabricius and F. Marx, J. Food Compos. Anal., 14, 227 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2000.0968
- H. Morita, Y. Sato, K.L. Chan, C.Y. Choo, H. Itokawa, K. Takeya and J. Kobayashi, J. Nat. Prod., 63, 1707 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1021/np000342i
- T.H. Yang and C.M. Chen, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 17, 243 (1970); https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.197000031
- Y. Yang, F. Chang and Y. Wu, Helv. Chim. Acta, 87, 1392 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200490127
- H. Morita, T. Iizuka, C.Y. Choo, K.L. Chan, K. Takeya and J. Kobayashi, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 4609 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.008
- Y.L. Yang, K.F. Hua, P.H. Chuang, S.H. Wu, K.Y. Wu, F.R. Chang and Y.-C. Wu, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 386 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072594w
- R.-W. Jiang, Y. Lu, Z.-D. Min and Q.-T. Zheng, J. Mol. Struct., 655, 157 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(03)00227-8
- F. Lieb, M. Nonfon, U. Wachendorff-Neumann and D. Wendisch, Planta Med., 56, 317 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960968
- T.G. McCloud, D.L. Smith, C.J. Chang and J.M. Cassady, Experientia, 43, 947 (1987); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01951681
- Y. Fujimoto, T. Eguchi, K. Kakinuma, N. Ikekawa, M. Sahai and Y.K. Gupta, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 36, 4802 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.4802
- H. Araya, M. Sahai, S. Singh, A.K. Singh, M. Yoshida, N. Hara and Y. Fujimoto, Phytochemistry, 61, 999 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00351-5
- X.H. Li, Y.H. Hui, J.K. Rupprecht, Y.M. Liu, K.V. Wood, D.L. Smith, C.-J. Chang and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 53, 81 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1021/np50067a010
- D.C. Hopp, F.Q. Alali, Z.M. Gu and J.L. McLaughlin, Phytochemistry, 47, 803 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00822-4
- D.C. Hopp, L. Zeng, Z.M. Gu, J.F. Kozlowski and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 60, 581 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1021/np9701283
- D.C. Hopp, L. Zeng, Z. Gu and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 59, 97 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1021/np960124i
- S. Bhadra and S.K. Sen, Environ. Ecol., 17, 710 (2002).
- R. Yang, X. Zheng, H. Xie, S. Wu and X. Wei, Yunnan Zhi Wu Yan Jiu, 21, 381 (1999).
- L. Born, F. Lieb, J.P. Lorentzen, H. Moeschler, M. Nonfon, R. Söllner and D. Wendisch, Planta Med., 56, 312 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960967
- A. Gypser, C. Bulow and H.D. Scharf, Tetrahedron, 51, 1921 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(94)01073-9
- H. Araya, N. Hara, Y. Fujimoto, A. Srivastava and M. Sahai, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 42, 388 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.388
- R.Z. Yang, X.C. Zheng, G.W. Qin and R.S. Xu, Acta Bot. Sin., 36, 809 (1994).
- B.V.V. Pardhasaradhi, M. Reddy, A.M. Ali, A.L. Kumari and A. Khar, Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 42, 167 (2004).
- M.T.S. Saleem, Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod., 1, 1 (2008).
- C. Shenoy, M.B. Patil and R. Kumar, Res. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem., 1, 1 (2009).
- S. Singh, Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 2, 1183 (2011).
- L.P. Padhi, J. Agricultural Tech., 7, 133 (2011).
- M. Kaleem, M. Asif, Q.U. Ahmed and B. Bano, Singapore Med. J., 47, 670 (2006).
- M. Mujeeb, S.A. Khan, M. Ali, A. Mall and A. Ahmad, Pharm. Res., 2, 59 (2009).
References
S.Z. Moghadamtousi, B.H. Goh, C.K. Chan, T. Shabab and H.A. Kadir, Molecules, 18, 10465 (2013); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910465
M. Zahid, M. Mujahid, P.K. Singh, S. Farooqui, K. Singh and S. Parveen, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 9, 1745 (2018).
K.R. Kirtikar and B.D. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants, Lalit Mohan Basu: Allahabad, India, edn 2, vol. 1, 66 (1980).
S.B. Vohora, I. Kumar and S. Naqvi, Planta Med., 28, 97 (1975); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1097835
R.K. Gupta, A.N. Kesari, P.S. Murthy, R. Chandra, V. Tandon and G. Watal, J. Ethnopharmacol., 99, 75 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.048
T.R. Seetharaman, Fitoterapia, 57, 189 (1986).
D.S. Bhakuni, S. Tewari and M.M. Dhar, Phytochemistry, 11, 1819 (1972); https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(72)85042-8
P. Forgacs, J.F. Desconclois, R. Provost, R. Tiberghien and A. Touché, Phytochemistry, 19, 1251 (1980); https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(80)83102-5
D.S. Raj, J.J. Vennila, C. Aiyavu and K. Panneerselvam, Int. J. Integr. Biol., 5, 182 (2009).
S. Srivastava, V.K. Lal and K.K. Pant, J. Pharm. Res., 4, 4596 (2011).
J.F. Morton, Sugar Apple, In: Fruits of Warm Climate, Published by Julia F. Morton, 20534 SW 92 Ct. Miami, FL USA, pp 69-72 (2013). ISBN: 0-9610184-1-0.
Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), Taxonomy for Plants USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, pp 7-11 (1997).
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Plants Profile Annona squamosa, United States Department of Agriculture, p 4-17 (2008).
R. Wunderlin and B. Hansen, Synonyms of Annona squamosa: Atlas Florida Vasc Plants, 4, 24-27 (2008).
J.H. Crane, C.F. Balerdi and I. Maguire, Sugar Apple Growing in the Florida Home Landscape, 4, 4-19 (1994).
M. Arif, M. Kamal, T. Jawaid, M. Khalid, K.S. Saini, A. Kumar and M. Ahmad, Asian J. Biomed. Pharm. Sci., 6, 14 (2016).
S. Gajalakshmi, R. Divya, V.D. Deepika, S. Mythili and A. Sathiavelu, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 10, 24 (2011).
A. Shirwaikar, K. Rajendran, C.D. Kumar and R. Bodla, J. Ethnopharmacol., 91, 171 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.017
W. Yu, M. Ma, X. Chen, J. Min, L. Li, Y. Zheng, Y. Li, J. Wang and Q. Wang, Am. J. Chin. Med., 45, 1 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X1750001X
M.M. Rahman, S. Parvin, M.E. Haque, M.E. Islam and M.A. Mosaddik, Fitoterapia, 76, 484 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.04.002
R.K. Gupta, A.N. Kesari, S. Diwakar, A. Tyagi, V. Tandon, R. Chandra and G. Watal, J. Ethnopharmacol., 118, 21 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.008
R. Vijayalakshmi and T. Nithiya, World J. Res. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 4, 1257 (2015).
A.F. Dos Santos and A.E.G. Sant’Ana, Phytomedicine, 8, 115 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00008
J.L. Landolt, K.I. Ahammadsahib, R.M. Hollingworth, R. Barr, F.L. Crane, N.L. Buerckv, G.P. McCabe and J.L. McLaughlin, Chem. Biol. Interact., 98, 1 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(95)03628-Y
I.B. ba Ndob, P. Champy, C. Gleye, G. Lewin and B. Akendengué, Phytochem. Lett., 2, 72 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2008.11.006
J.D. Patel and V. Kumar, J. Pharm. Res., 1, 34 (2008).
N. Pandey and D. Barve, Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2, 2229 (2011).
M.J. Chavan, P.S. Wakte and D.B. Shinde, Phytomedicine, 17, 149 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.016
L.R. Sun, H. Zhu, L.S. Gan, J.X. Mo, F. Feng and C.X. Zhou, China J. Chin. Mater. Med., 37, 2100 (2012).
K.R. Kirtikar and B.D. Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants, Prabasi Press: Allahabad, India (1918).
A.C. Santos, Philipine J. Sci., 43, 561 (1930).
H.T. Li, H.M. Wu, H.L. Chen, C.M. Liu and C.Y. Chen, Molecules, 18, 8257 (2013);https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18078257
B.H. Chen, H.W. Chang, H.M. Huang, I.W. Chong, J.S. Chen, C.-Y. Chen and H.-M. Wang, J. Agric. Food Chem., 59, 2284 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf103488j
C.Y. Chen, T.Z. Liu, W.C. Tseng, F.J. Lu, R.P. Hung, C.H. Chen and C.-H. Chen, Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2694 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.024
M.C. Zafra-Polo, M.C. González, E. Estornell, S. Sahpaz and D. Cortes, Phytochemistry, 42, 253 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00836-5
A. Bermejo, B. Figadère, M.C. Zafra-Polo, I. Barrachina, E. Estornell and D. Cortes, Nat. Prod. Rep., 22, 269 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1039/B500186M
N. Kojima and T. Tanaka, Molecules, 14, 3621 (2009); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14093621
J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 71, 1311 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/np800191t
M. Carmen Zafra-Polo, B. Figadère, T. Gallardo, J.R. Tormo and D. Cortes, Phytochemistry, 48, 1087 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00917-5
F.Q. Alali, X.-X. Liu and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 62, 504 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1021/np980406d
D.J. Craik, N.L. Daly, T. Bond and C. Waine, J. Mol. Biol., 294, 1327 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.3383
Y.C. Wu, Y.C. Hung, F.R. Chang, M. Cosentino, H.K. Wang and K.H. Lee, J. Nat. Prod., 59, 635 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1021/np960416j
C.X. Zhou, L.R. Sun, F. Feng, J.X. Mo, H. Zhu, B. Yang, Q.-J. He and L.-S. Gan, Helv. Chim. Acta, 96, 656 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201200249
Y.Y. Chen, G.G. Bai and Y. Chen, Zhong Yao Cai, 38, 1430 (2015).
S.H. Yeh, F.R. Chang, Y.C. Wu, Y.L. Yang, S.K. Zhuo and T.L. Hwang, Planta Med., 71, 904 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-871234
Y.L. Yang, F.R. Chang, C.C. Wu, W.Y. Wang and Y.-C. Wu, J. Nat. Prod., 65, 1462 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/np020191e
D.K. Yadav, N. Singh, K. Dev, R. Sharma, M. Sahai, G. Palit and R. Maurya, Fitoterapia, 82, 666 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.02.005
V.K. Soni, D.K. Yadav, N. Bano, P. Dixit, M. Pathak, R. Maurya, M. Sahai, S.K. Jain and S. Misra-Bhattacharya, Fitoterapia, 83, 110 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.09.019
M. Jayendra and Y. Kumar, Int. J. Chem. Anal. Sci., 4, 161 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.005
M. You, D.B.M. Wickramaratne, G.L. Silva, H. Chai, T.E. Chagwedera, N.R. Farnsworth, G.A. Cordell, A.D. Kinghorn and J.M. Pezzuto, J. Nat. Prod., 58, 598 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1021/np50118a021
P.K. Bhaumik, B. Mukherjee, J.P. Juneau, N.S. Bhacca and R. Mukherjee, Phytochemistry, 18, 1584 (1979); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98511-X
X. Li, X.L. Chen, J.W. Chen and D.D. Sun, Chem. Nat. Compd., 46, 101 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9538-0
D.C. Hopp, F.Q. Alali, Z.M. Gu and J.L. McLaughlin, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 6, 569 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(98)00018-2
Y. Chen, J.W. Chen and X. Li, Phytochem. Lett., 5, 33 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2011.08.015
F. Yuan, G.G. Bai, Y. Chen, Y.J. Miao, J.W. Chen and X. Li, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25, 787 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.088
Y. Chen, J.W. Chen and X. Li, J. Nat. Prod., 74, 2477 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1021/np200708q
Y. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.H. Zhai, Y. Wang, S.L. Wang and X. Li, Food Chem. Toxicol., 58, 394 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.028
C.M. Li, N.H. Tan, Q. Mu, H.L. Zheng, X.J. Hao and Y. Wu, Phytochemistry, 45, 521 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00829-1
Y.L. Yang, K.F. Hua, P.H. Chuang, S.H. Wu, K. Wu, F.-R. Chang and Y. Wu, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 386 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072594w
H. Morita, Y. Sato and J. Kobayashi, Tetrahedron, 55, 7509 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(99)00372-5
S. Garg and D. Gupta, J. Essent. Oil Res., 17, 257 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698894
C.S. Meira, E.T. Guimarães, T.S. Macedo, T.B. Da Silva, L.R. Menezes, E.V. Costa and M.B.P. Soares, J. Essent. Oil Res., 27, 160 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982876
M.J. Chavan, D.B. Shinde and S.A. Nirmal, Nat. Prod. Res., 20, 754 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410500138823
E.H.A. Andrade, M.G.B. Zoghbi, J.G.S. Maia, H. Fabricius and F. Marx, J. Food Compos. Anal., 14, 227 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.2000.0968
H. Morita, Y. Sato, K.L. Chan, C.Y. Choo, H. Itokawa, K. Takeya and J. Kobayashi, J. Nat. Prod., 63, 1707 (2000); https://doi.org/10.1021/np000342i
T.H. Yang and C.M. Chen, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 17, 243 (1970); https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.197000031
Y. Yang, F. Chang and Y. Wu, Helv. Chim. Acta, 87, 1392 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200490127
H. Morita, T. Iizuka, C.Y. Choo, K.L. Chan, K. Takeya and J. Kobayashi, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 4609 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.008
Y.L. Yang, K.F. Hua, P.H. Chuang, S.H. Wu, K.Y. Wu, F.R. Chang and Y.-C. Wu, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 386 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072594w
R.-W. Jiang, Y. Lu, Z.-D. Min and Q.-T. Zheng, J. Mol. Struct., 655, 157 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(03)00227-8
F. Lieb, M. Nonfon, U. Wachendorff-Neumann and D. Wendisch, Planta Med., 56, 317 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960968
T.G. McCloud, D.L. Smith, C.J. Chang and J.M. Cassady, Experientia, 43, 947 (1987); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01951681
Y. Fujimoto, T. Eguchi, K. Kakinuma, N. Ikekawa, M. Sahai and Y.K. Gupta, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 36, 4802 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.4802
H. Araya, M. Sahai, S. Singh, A.K. Singh, M. Yoshida, N. Hara and Y. Fujimoto, Phytochemistry, 61, 999 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00351-5
X.H. Li, Y.H. Hui, J.K. Rupprecht, Y.M. Liu, K.V. Wood, D.L. Smith, C.-J. Chang and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 53, 81 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1021/np50067a010
D.C. Hopp, F.Q. Alali, Z.M. Gu and J.L. McLaughlin, Phytochemistry, 47, 803 (1998); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00822-4
D.C. Hopp, L. Zeng, Z.M. Gu, J.F. Kozlowski and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 60, 581 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1021/np9701283
D.C. Hopp, L. Zeng, Z. Gu and J.L. McLaughlin, J. Nat. Prod., 59, 97 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1021/np960124i
S. Bhadra and S.K. Sen, Environ. Ecol., 17, 710 (2002).
R. Yang, X. Zheng, H. Xie, S. Wu and X. Wei, Yunnan Zhi Wu Yan Jiu, 21, 381 (1999).
L. Born, F. Lieb, J.P. Lorentzen, H. Moeschler, M. Nonfon, R. Söllner and D. Wendisch, Planta Med., 56, 312 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960967
A. Gypser, C. Bulow and H.D. Scharf, Tetrahedron, 51, 1921 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(94)01073-9
H. Araya, N. Hara, Y. Fujimoto, A. Srivastava and M. Sahai, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 42, 388 (1994); https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.42.388
R.Z. Yang, X.C. Zheng, G.W. Qin and R.S. Xu, Acta Bot. Sin., 36, 809 (1994).
B.V.V. Pardhasaradhi, M. Reddy, A.M. Ali, A.L. Kumari and A. Khar, Indian J. Biochem. Biophys., 42, 167 (2004).
M.T.S. Saleem, Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod., 1, 1 (2008).
C. Shenoy, M.B. Patil and R. Kumar, Res. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem., 1, 1 (2009).
S. Singh, Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 2, 1183 (2011).
L.P. Padhi, J. Agricultural Tech., 7, 133 (2011).
M. Kaleem, M. Asif, Q.U. Ahmed and B. Bano, Singapore Med. J., 47, 670 (2006).
M. Mujeeb, S.A. Khan, M. Ali, A. Mall and A. Ahmad, Pharm. Res., 2, 59 (2009).