Anthocyanin in Flacourtia inermis Peel: Analysis and Electronic Transition Study

Khusna Arif Rakhman; A. Rasid Saraha; Sudir Umar; Rahmaniah Zainuddin; M. Ikhlas Abdjan

doi:10.14233/ajchem.2020.22231

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 4 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 4, 2020

Issue Published : February 25, 2020

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Anthocyanin in Flacourtia inermis Peel: Analysis and Electronic Transition Study

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22231

Khusna Arif Rakhman

Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-7762

A. Rasid Saraha

Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia

Sudir Umar

Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia

Rahmaniah Zainuddin

Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia

M. Ikhlas Abdjan

Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0783-5791

Corresponding Author(s) : Khusna Arif Rakhman

khusna.arif.rakhman@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 32 No. 4 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 4, 2020
Article Published : February 25, 2020

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the anthocyanin content present in Flacourtia inermis peel and its ultraviolet-visible absorption potential as a dye agent. This work focused on developing dye-sensitized materials that require natural eco-friendly dyes which are easily reproducible. The red to purple colour of Flacourtia inermis peel indicates the presence of anthocyanin contents, which were derived from flavonoids. Hence, anthocyanin analysis, UV-vis absorption test and electronic transition study were conducted for information regarding the potential use Flacourtia inermis fruit peel in natural dyes. To determine anthocyanin and absorption ability, UV-visible spectrophotometry was used. Furthermore, the electronic transition of anthocyanin was determined using the semi-empirical method of ZINDO/s. The results indicate that total anthocyanin content of Flacourtia inermis peel was 10.35 mg/100 g, with UV absorption occurring at erythema transmission percent of 0.7553; the pigmentation transmission percent was 0.78696, whereas the electronic transitions of molecular orbitals were observed at an optimum wavelength 425.5 nm visible area, with intensity 1.1233. Molecular orbital levels were six, with two electronic transition shifts, namely n→π* and π→π*.

Keywords

Anthocyanin Flacourtia inermis Semi-empirical method

Rakhman, K. A., Saraha, A. R., Umar, S., Zainuddin, R., & Abdjan, M. I. (2020). Anthocyanin in Flacourtia inermis Peel: Analysis and Electronic Transition Study. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 32(4), 941–944. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22231

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References

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S. Sharma, K.K. Jain and A. Sharma, Mater. Sci. Appl., 6, 1145 (2015); https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2015.612113

L.S. Jung, K.Y. Soo and K.D.-Won, J. Electrochem. Commun., 12, 1037 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.05.018

V. Truong, N. Deighton, R.T. Thompson, R.F. Mcfeeters, L.O. Dean, K.V. Pecota and G.C. Yencho, J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 404 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/jf902799a

O. Dangles and J.-A. Fenger, Molecules, 23, 1970 ( 2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081970

H.E. Khoo, A. Azlan, S.T. Tang and S.M. Lim, Food Nutr. Res., 61, 1361779 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1080/16546628.2017.1361779

K.A. Rakhman, Khadijah, M.I. Abdjan, N. Kumendong and S.D. Puspitasari, J. Turk. Chem. Soc. A, 5, 1287 (2019); https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.452558

A. Delazar, L. Khodaie, J. Afshar, L. Nahar and S. D. Sarker, Acta Pharm., 60, 1 (2010); https://doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0007-x

D. Syukri, D. Darwis and A. Santoni, Indones. J. Chem., 14, 297 (2014); https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21242

J. Lee, R.W. Durst and R.E. Wrolstad, J. AOAC Int., 88, 1269 (2015).

B. Mozetiè, P. Trebše and J. Hribar, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 40, 207 (2002).

A.G.A.W. Alakolanga, N.S. Kumar, L. Jayasinghe and Y. Fujimoto, J. Food Sci. Technol., 52, 8383 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1937-6

A.G.A.W. Alakolanga, N. Savitri Kumar, L. Jayasinghe and Y. Fujimoto, J. Food Sci. Technol., 52, 8383 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1937-6

Z.Z. Zam, D. Juniyanti and K.A. Rakhman, Int. J. Adv. Res., 6, 949 (2018); https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/6933

F.L. da Silva, M.T. Escribano-Bailón, J.J.P. Alonso, J.C. Rivas-Gonzalo and C. Santos-Buelga, LWT-Food Sci Technol., 40, 374 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2005.09.018

Z. Markovic, N. Manojlovic and S. Zlatanovic, Int. J. Serb. Soc.Comput. Mechan., 2, 73 (2008).

Hypercube, Inc., HyperChem Molecular Modeling System, USA (2007).

M.S. Balsam and E. Saragin, Cosmetics: Science and Technology, Wiley-Interscience: New York, edn 2, vols. 1-3 (1972).

P. Itte, M.K. Amshumali and Mussavir, Universal J. Chem., 5, 48 (2017).

L.N. Lestario, E. Rahayuni and K.H. Timotius, Agritech., 31, 93 (2011).

W. Supiyanti, E.D. Wulansari and L. Kusmita, Majalah Obat Tradisional, 15, 64 (2010) (In Indonesian).

W. Ingrat, W.A. Nugroho and R. Yulianingsih, J. Bioproses Komoditas Tropis., 3, 1 (2015) (In Indonesian).

A. Delazar, L. Khodaie, J. Afshar, L. Nahar and S. D. Sarker, Acta Pharm., 60, 1 (2010); https://doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0007-x

D. Syukri, D. Darwis and A. Santoni, Indones. J. Chem., 14, 297 (2014); https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21242

B. Mozetiè, P. Trebše and J. Hribar, Food Technol. Biotechnol., 40, 2017 (2002).

W. Soerartri, Jurnal Hayati., 10, 117 (2005); https://doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.10.2.20058

M. Nepras, N. Almonasy, M. Michel, M. Dvorák and V. Fidler, J. Dyes Pigments, 92, 1331 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2011.09.010

A.R. Saraha, K.A. Rakhman and N. Sugrah, Asian J. Chem., 30, 1057 (2018); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21156

D.L. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz and J.R. Vyvyan, Introduction of Spectroscopy, Cengage Learning: USA, edn 5 (2013).

J. Lee, C. Rennaker and R.E. Wrolstad, Food Chem., 110, 782 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.010

H. Kelebek, A. Canbas and S. Selli, Chromatographia, 66, 207 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-007-0277-8

Issue

Vol. 32 No. 4 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 4, 2020

Anthocyanin in Flacourtia inermis Peel: Analysis and Electronic Transition Study

Corresponding Author(s) : Khusna Arif Rakhman

Abstract

Keywords

Full Article

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