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Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Choline Chloride for Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Degumming Palm Oil
Corresponding Author(s) : A.G.A. Siregar
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 32 No. 4 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 4, 2020
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have numerous potential applications as cosolvents. In this study, use of DES as organic solvents for enzymatic biodiesel production from degumming palm oil (DPO) was investigated. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using choline chloride salt (ChCl) compounds with glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Deep eutectic solvent was characterized by viscosity, density, pH and freezing values, which were tested for effectiveness by enzymatic reactions for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO. Deep eutectic solvent of ChCl and glycerol produced the highest biodiesel yield (98.98%); weight of DES was only 0.5 % of that of the oil. In addition, the use of DES maintained the activity and stability of novozym enzymes, which was assessed as the yield until the 6th usage, which was 95.07 % biodiesel yield compared with the yield without using DES. Hence, using DES, glycerol in enzymatic biodiesel production had high potentiality as an organic solvent for palm oil biodiesel production.
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D.Y.C. Leung, X. Wu and M.K.H. Leung, Appl. Energy, 87, 1083 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.006
H.J. Berchmans and S. Hirata, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 1716 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.051
A. Demirbas, Energy Convers. Manage., 44, 2093 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00234-0
P.D. Patil and S. Deng, Fuel, 88, 1302 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.016
Q. Zhang, K. De Oliveira Vigier, S. Royer and F. Jerome, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41, 7108 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35178A
M. Lotti, J. Pleiss, F. Valero and P. Ferrer, Biotechnol. J., 10, 22 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201400158
A. Gog, M. Roman, M. Tosa, C. Paizs and F. Irimie, Renew. Energy, 39, 10 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.007
L. Azocar, R. Navia, L. Beroiz, D. Jeison and G. Ciudad, N. Biotechnol., 31, 422 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.04.006
J. Mangas-Sánchez and P. Adlercreutz, Biotechnol. Biofuels, 8, 58 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0247-6
S. Hama and A. Kondo, Bioresour. Technol., 135, 386 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.014
H. Zhao, C. Zhang and T.D. Crittle, J. Mol. Catal., B Enzym., 85-86, 243 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.09.003
J. Taubert and S. Raghavan, Microelectron. Eng., 114, 141 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.12.009
L. Gu, W. Huang, S. Tang, S. Tian and X. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J., 259, 2 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.026
Z. Maugeri and P.D de Maria, RSC Adv., 2, 421 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1039/C1RA00630D
R. Manurung, Taslim. R. Hasibuan and N. Bangun, Indonesian Patent IDP000053976 (2016).
A. Hayyan, F.S. Mjalli, I.M. AlNashef, Y.M. Al-Wahaibi, T. Al-Wahaibi and M.A. Hashim, J. Mol. Liq., 178, 137 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2012.11.025
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B. Tang, H. Zhang and K.H. Row, J. Sep. Sci., 38, 1053 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201401347
B.Y. Zhao, P. Xu, F.X. Yang, H. Wu, M.H. Zong and W.Y. Lou, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 3, 2746 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00619
K.K. Kow and K. Sirat, Chin. Chem. Lett., 26, 1311 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2015.05.049
E. Durand, J. Lecomte and P. Villeneuve, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 115, 379 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201200416
E. Durand, J. Lecomte, B. Baréa, G. Piombo, E. Dubreucq and P. Villeneuve, Process Biochem., 47, 2081 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2012.07.027
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