Copyright (c) 2020 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Determination of Vitamin A and Vitamin E Contents in Fortified Cooking Oil using Visible Spectrophotometry
Corresponding Author(s) : Akhmad Sabarudin
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 32 No. 3 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 3
Abstract
For measuring vitamins A and E in fortified palm oil, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) through visible spectrophotometry and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) through phenanthroline method were developed. Using TCA determination method, vitamin A was directly measured at λ = 620 nm, with 92.84 % ± 0.74 accuracy, 0.79 % RSD, 2.15 IU/g limit of detection (LOD) and 7.17 IU/g limit of quantitation (LOQ). Using the mole difference calculation method of Fe2+ after Fe3+ reduction by total antioxidants and vitamin A, vitamin E content was indirectly measured. Total antioxidant capacity required for reducing Fe3+ was determined using phenanthroline method at λ = 510 nm. The temperature and reaction time for the saponification process were also evaluated. Optimum saponification was obtained at 70 ºC in 20 min with a recovery percentage of 93.81 %. Determined Vitamin E had 93.94 % ± 0.63 accuracy, 0.68 % RSD, 0.11 IU/g LOD and 0.76 IU/g LOQ.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- A. Laillou, D. Panagides, G.S. Garrett and R. Moench-Pfanner, Food Nutr. Bull., 34(Suppl. 2), S72 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265130342S109
- L. Garai, J. Food Technol. Res., 3, 99 (2016); https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.58/2016.3.2/58.2.99.104
- G.F. Combs Jr. and J.P. McClung, The Vitamins Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Elsevier Inc., edn 5 (2017).
- J. Jakobsen, A. Melse-Boonstra and M. Rychlik, Curr. Dev. Nutr., 3, nzz086 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz086
- M. Katsa, C. Proestos and E. Komaitis, Curr. Res. Nutr. Food Sci., 4, 92 (2016); https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.4.Special-Issue-October.12
- R.F. Bayfield, Anal. Biochem., 39, 282 (1971); https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90416-7
- R.F. Bayfield and E.R. Cole, Colorimetric estimation of vitamin A with TCA, In: Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, Inc., vol. 67 (1980).
- Y. Zhang, W. Zhou, J. Yan, M. Liu, Y. Zhou, X. Shen, Y.-L. Ma, X.-S. Feng, J. Yang and G.-H. Li, Molecules, 23, 1484 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061484
- P. Makhumula, M. Guamuch and O. Dary, Manual for Internal Monitoring of Oil Fortified with Vitamin A, East, Central and Southern African Health Community (ECSA-HC) (2007).
- R. Apak, S. Gorinstein, V. Böhm, K.M. Schaich, M. Özyürek and K. Güçlü, Pure Appl. Chem., 85, 957 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-12-07-15
- J.A. Lucy and F.U. Lichti, Biochem. J., 112, 231 (1969); https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1120231
- I. Matijevic, S. Bischof, A. Sutlovic and T. Pusic, Determination of αTocopherol in Cosmetotextiles-UV/Vis spectrophotometric Method; 8th Central European Conference on Fiber-Grade Polymers, Chemical Fibers and Special Textiles (2015).
- N.A. Agustina, Undergraduate Thesis, Pengaruh Ion As3+ pada Analisa Besi(III) dengan Ligan 1,10- Fenantrolin dan Tiosianat menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia (2017) (In Indonesian).
- B. Oktavia, L.W. Lim and T. Takeuchi, Anal. Sci. Int. J. Japan Soc. Anal. Chem., 24, 1487 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.24.1487
- M. Ahmed, J. Pickova, T. Ahmad, M. Liaquat, A. Farid and M. Jahangir, Sarhad J. Agric., 32, 230 (2016); https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016.32.3.230.238
- R.D. O’Brien; Fats and Oils Formulating and Processing for Applications, CRC Press, edn 3 (2009).
- R.F.K. Almilly, IASJ J. Eng., 20, 144 (2014).
- C.A.S. da Silva, G. Sanaiotti, M. Lanza, L.A. Follegatti-Romero, A.J.A. Meirelles and E.A.C. Batista, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, 440 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/je900409p
- R. Eitenmiller, L. Ye and W.O. Landen Jr., Vitamin Analysis for The Health and Food Sciences, edn 2, CRC Press (2008).
- Riyanto, Ph.D. Thesis, Validasi & Verifikasi Metode Uji: Sesuai dengan ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratorium Pengujian dan Kalibrasi, Yogyakarta: Deepublish, June (2014) (In Indonesian).
- D.Q. Dao, T.C. Ngo, N.M. Thong and P.C. Nam, J. Phys. Chem. B, 121, 9348 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07065
- R. Kaparthi and K.S. Chari, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 36, 77 (1959); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540248
- L. Mukarromah, B.E. Cahyono and M. Misto, Berkala Sainstek, 6, 41 (2018); https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v6i1.7770
- I.B. Oluwalana, M.O. Oluwamukomi, B.O. Toriola and O.R. Karim, Adv. Res., 4, 191 (2015); https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2015/12092
- B. Pimpa, D. Kanjanasopa and S. Boonlam, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 43, 370 (2009).
- C. Marteau, D. Favier, V. Nardello-Rataj and J.M. Aubry, Food Chem., 160, 190 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.070
- R. Guitard, V. Nardello-Rataj and J.M. Aubry, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 1220 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081220
References
A. Laillou, D. Panagides, G.S. Garrett and R. Moench-Pfanner, Food Nutr. Bull., 34(Suppl. 2), S72 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265130342S109
L. Garai, J. Food Technol. Res., 3, 99 (2016); https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.58/2016.3.2/58.2.99.104
G.F. Combs Jr. and J.P. McClung, The Vitamins Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Elsevier Inc., edn 5 (2017).
J. Jakobsen, A. Melse-Boonstra and M. Rychlik, Curr. Dev. Nutr., 3, nzz086 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz086
M. Katsa, C. Proestos and E. Komaitis, Curr. Res. Nutr. Food Sci., 4, 92 (2016); https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.4.Special-Issue-October.12
R.F. Bayfield, Anal. Biochem., 39, 282 (1971); https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90416-7
R.F. Bayfield and E.R. Cole, Colorimetric estimation of vitamin A with TCA, In: Methods in Enzymology, Academic Press, Inc., vol. 67 (1980).
Y. Zhang, W. Zhou, J. Yan, M. Liu, Y. Zhou, X. Shen, Y.-L. Ma, X.-S. Feng, J. Yang and G.-H. Li, Molecules, 23, 1484 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061484
P. Makhumula, M. Guamuch and O. Dary, Manual for Internal Monitoring of Oil Fortified with Vitamin A, East, Central and Southern African Health Community (ECSA-HC) (2007).
R. Apak, S. Gorinstein, V. Böhm, K.M. Schaich, M. Özyürek and K. Güçlü, Pure Appl. Chem., 85, 957 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-12-07-15
J.A. Lucy and F.U. Lichti, Biochem. J., 112, 231 (1969); https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1120231
I. Matijevic, S. Bischof, A. Sutlovic and T. Pusic, Determination of αTocopherol in Cosmetotextiles-UV/Vis spectrophotometric Method; 8th Central European Conference on Fiber-Grade Polymers, Chemical Fibers and Special Textiles (2015).
N.A. Agustina, Undergraduate Thesis, Pengaruh Ion As3+ pada Analisa Besi(III) dengan Ligan 1,10- Fenantrolin dan Tiosianat menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia (2017) (In Indonesian).
B. Oktavia, L.W. Lim and T. Takeuchi, Anal. Sci. Int. J. Japan Soc. Anal. Chem., 24, 1487 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.24.1487
M. Ahmed, J. Pickova, T. Ahmad, M. Liaquat, A. Farid and M. Jahangir, Sarhad J. Agric., 32, 230 (2016); https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016.32.3.230.238
R.D. O’Brien; Fats and Oils Formulating and Processing for Applications, CRC Press, edn 3 (2009).
R.F.K. Almilly, IASJ J. Eng., 20, 144 (2014).
C.A.S. da Silva, G. Sanaiotti, M. Lanza, L.A. Follegatti-Romero, A.J.A. Meirelles and E.A.C. Batista, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 55, 440 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/je900409p
R. Eitenmiller, L. Ye and W.O. Landen Jr., Vitamin Analysis for The Health and Food Sciences, edn 2, CRC Press (2008).
Riyanto, Ph.D. Thesis, Validasi & Verifikasi Metode Uji: Sesuai dengan ISO/IEC 17025 Laboratorium Pengujian dan Kalibrasi, Yogyakarta: Deepublish, June (2014) (In Indonesian).
D.Q. Dao, T.C. Ngo, N.M. Thong and P.C. Nam, J. Phys. Chem. B, 121, 9348 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07065
R. Kaparthi and K.S. Chari, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 36, 77 (1959); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02540248
L. Mukarromah, B.E. Cahyono and M. Misto, Berkala Sainstek, 6, 41 (2018); https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v6i1.7770
I.B. Oluwalana, M.O. Oluwamukomi, B.O. Toriola and O.R. Karim, Adv. Res., 4, 191 (2015); https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2015/12092
B. Pimpa, D. Kanjanasopa and S. Boonlam, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 43, 370 (2009).
C. Marteau, D. Favier, V. Nardello-Rataj and J.M. Aubry, Food Chem., 160, 190 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.070
R. Guitard, V. Nardello-Rataj and J.M. Aubry, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17, 1220 (2016); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081220