Issue

Vol. 32 No. 11 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 11

Copyright (c) 2020 AJC

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Kusum Oil: Parametric, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22890
Sheetal N. Nayak
Department of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, India
Milap G. Nayak
Department of Chemical Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College (Affliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad), Chandkheda-382424, India
rakant P. Bhasin
Department of Chemistry, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, India

Corresponding Author(s) : Sheetal N. Nayak

shitalnayak555@gmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 32 No. 11 (2020): Vol 32 Issue 11

Abstract

Microwave-assisted transesterification of non-edible oil to produce biodiesel is gaining attention due to lower heat loss as well as rapid conversion. In this study, esterified kusum oil as a feedstock was transesterified in the presence of Ba(OH)2. At 800 W microwave power and constant magnetic stirring the effect of important process parameters such as solvent methanol molar ratio, Ba(OH)2, temperature, and time on biodiesel yield were evaluated. The parametric study suggested that 9:1 M methanol, 65 ºC reaction temperature, 2.5 wt% Ba(OH)2 catalyst and 3.5 min of transesterification time gave close to 96% biodiesel yield. At the above conditions of methanol and catalyst, the reaction kinetics and thermodynamic study were performed using different time intervals. The microwave-assisted transesterification followed pseudo-first-order reaction rate with 34.57 kJ/mol K activation energy and 205664 min-1 frequency factor. The reduction in activation energy and increase in the frequency factor reveal the non-thermal effect associated with microwave heating. The thermodynamic properties evaluated using the Eyring equation suggests non-spontaneity and endothermic nature of transesterification.

Keywords

Esterified Kusum oil Transesterification Reactions kinetics
N. Nayak, S., G. Nayak, M., & P. Bhasin, rakant. (2020). Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Kusum Oil: Parametric, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 32(11), 2893–2903. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22890
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. J.C. Gomes Filho, A.S. Peiter, W.R.O. Pimentel, J.I. Soletti, S.H.V. Carvalho and L. Meili, Ind. Crops Prod., 74, 767 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.013
  2. A.O. Esan, A.D. Adeyemi and S. Ganesan, J. Clean. Prod., 257, 120561 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120561
  3. F.A. Ansari, M. Nasr, A. Guldhe, S.K. Gupta, I. Rawat and F. Bux, Sci. Total Environ., 704, 135259 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135259
  4. S. Kiwan and E. Al-Gharibeh, Renew. Energy, 147, 423 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.004
  5. E. Park, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 79, 61 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.043
  6. S. Mirzamohammadi, A. Jabarzadeh and M.S. Shahrabi, J. Clean. Prod., 264, 121611 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121611
  7. L. Gu, W. Huang, S. Tang, S. Tian and X. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J., 259, 647 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.026
  8. A.B. Fadhil, A.M. Aziz and M.H. Al-Tamer, Energy Convers. Manage., 108, 255 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.11.013
  9. Y. Essamlali, O. Amadine, A. Fihri and M. Zahouily, Renew. Energy, 133, 1295 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.103
  10. H. Trinh, S. Yusup and Y. Uemura, Bioresour. Technol., 247, 51 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.075
  11. M.G. Nayak and A.P. Vyas, Renew. Energy, 138, 18 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.01.054
  12. O. Ogunkunle and N.A. Ahmed, Energy Rep., 5, 1560 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.10.028
  13. S.N. Nayak, C.P. Bhasin and M.G. Nayak, Renew. Energy, 143, 1366 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.056
  14. S.P. Yeong, M.C. Law, K.Y. You and Y.S. Chan, Appl. Energy, 237, 457 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.052
  15. N.N. Saimon, S. Thavil, M. Jusoh, N. Ngadi and Z.Y. Zakaria, Chem. Eng. Trans., 63, 463 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863078
  16. V.B. Chaudhari and S.U. Patel, Indian J. Appl. Res., 4, 15 (2011); https://doi.org/10.15373/2249555X/FEB2014/59
  17. A.Z. Merlin, O.A. Marcel, A.O. Louis Max, C. Salem and G. Jean, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 52, 201 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.027
  18. M.Y. Koh and T.I. Mohd, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 15, 2240 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.02.013
  19. J.C. Juan, D.A. Kartika, T.Y. Wu and T.-Y.Y. Hin, Bioresour. Technol., 102, 452 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.093
  20. N. Kumar, A.S. Singh, S. Kumari and M.P. Reddy, Ind. Crops Prod., 76, 817 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.028
  21. K.P. Prajapati, P. Shilpkar and M.C. Shah, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 74, 494 (2015).
  22. S.V. Ghadge and H. Raheman, Biomass Bioenergy, 28, 601 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.11.009
  23. W.-J. Lee, M.-H. Lee and N.-W. Su, J. Sci. Food Agric., 91, 2348 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4466
  24. A. Ramadhas, S. Jayaraj and C. Muraleedharan, Fuel, 84, 335 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.09.016
  25. S.E. Onoji, S.E. Iyuke, A.I. Igbafe and D.B. Nkazi, Energy Convers. Manage., 110, 125 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.002
  26. P. Verma and M.P. Sharma, Fuel, 180, 164 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.035
  27. V. Singh, B.H. Hameed and Y.C. Sharma, Energy Convers. Manage., 122, 52 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.030
  28. L.C. Meher, V.S.S. Dharmagadda and S.N. Naik, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 1392 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.07.003
  29. H.M. Amaro, A.C. Guedes and F.X. Malcata, Appl. Energy, 88, 3402 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.014
  30. J. Huang, J. Xia, W. Jiang, Y. Li and J. Li, Bioresour. Technol., 180, 47 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.072
  31. M.K. Lam and K.T. Lee, Biotechnol. Adv., 30, 673 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.008
  32. A.S. Silitonga, H.H. Masjuki, T.M.I. Mahlia, H.C. Ong, F. Kusumo, H.B. Aditiya and N.N.N. Ghazali, Fuel, 156, 63 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.04.046
  33. N. Kumar and M. Tomar, Int. J. Energy Res., 43, 3223 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4446
  34. T.P. Mall and S.C. Tripathi, World J. Pharm. Res., 6, 463 (2017); https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20174-8082
  35. M. Yadav and Y.C. Sharma, J. Clean. Prod., 199, 593 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.052
  36. H. Bhatia, J. Kaur, S. Nandi, V. Gurnani, A. Chowdhury, P.H. Reddy, A. Vashishtha and B. Rathi, J. Pharm. Res., 6, 224 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopr.2012.11.003
  37. N.P. Asri, Y. Yuniati, H. Hindarso, N. Hidayat, I. Siswa, D.A. Puspitasari and S. Suprapto, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 460, 012033 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/460/1/012033
  38. S. Sahani, S. Banerjee and Y.C. Sharma, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 86, 42 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.01.029
  39. N.E. Leadbeater, Organic Synthesis Using Microwave Heating, In: Comprehensive Organic Synthesis II, Elsevier, pp. 234-286 (2014).
  40. Y.-C. Lin, S.-C. Chen, C.-E. Chen, P.-M. Yang and S.-R. Jhang, Fuel, 135, 435 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.023
  41. P.D. Patil, V.G. Gude, A. Mannarswamy, P. Cooke, S. Munson-McGee, N. Nirmalakhandan, P. Lammers and S. Deng, Bioresour. Technol., 102, 1399 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.046
  42. M. Mehdizadeh, The Impact of Fields on Materials at Microwave and Radio Frequencies, In: Microwave/RF Applicators and Probes for Material Heating, Sensing, and Plasma Generation, Elsevier, pp. 1-33 (2015).
  43. D. Bogdal, ed.: D. Bogdal, Interaction of Microwaves with Different Materials, In: Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis, Elsevier, Chap. 1, pp. 1–11 (2005).
  44. B.G. Terigar, S. Balasubramanian, M. Lima and D. Boldor, Energy Fuels, 24, 6609 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1021/ef1011929
  45. L. Perreux and A. Loupy, Tetrahedron, 57, 9199 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00905-X
  46. M.S.A. Farabi, M.L. Ibrahim, U. Rashid and Y.H. Taufiq-Yap, Energy Convers. Manage., 181, 562 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.033
  47. Y. Uemura, F. Yee Han, T. Tien Nguyen, T. Hoai Trinh and K. Kusakabe, Mater. Today Proc., 5, 22118 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.07.078
  48. M. Agarwal, G. Chauhan, S.P. Chaurasia and K. Singh, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 43, 89 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2011.06.003
  49. Y.-C. Lin, K.-H. Hsu and J.-F. Lin, Fuel, 115, 306 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.022
  50. A. Cancela, R. Maceiras, S. Urrejola and A. Sanchez, Energies, 5, 862 (2012); https://doi.org/10.3390/en5040862
  51. A. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, N.A.S. Amin, A. Zarei and I. Noshadi, Appl. Energy, 102, 283 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.018
  52. E. Martinez-Guerra, V.G. Gude, A. Mondala, W. Holmes and R. Hernandez, Appl. Energy, 129, 354 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.112
  53. B. Likozar and J. Levec, Fuel Process. Technol., 122, 30 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.01.017
  54. G. Silva, F. Camargo and A. Ferreira, Fuel Process. Technol., 92, 407 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.10.002
  55. W. Ye, Y. Gao, H. Ding, M. Liu, S. Liu, X. Han and J. Qi, Fuel, 180, 574 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.04.084
  56. O. Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, Wiley: New York, edn 3 (1999).
  57. N. Narkhede and A. Patel, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52, 13637 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1021/ie402230v
  58. P. Binnal, A. Amruth, M.P. Basawaraj, T.S. Chethan, K.R.S. Murthy and S. Rajashekhara, Indian Chem. Eng., (2020) (In press); https://doi.org/10.1080/00194506.2020.1748124
  59. V. Gude, P. Patil, E. Martinez-Guerra, S. Deng and N. Nirmalakhandan, Sustain. Chem. Process., 1, 5 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1186/2043-7129-1-5
  60. N.Y. Yahya, N. Ngadi, S. Wong and O. Hassan, Energy Convers. Manage., 164, 210 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.011
  61. G.R. Kumar, R. Ravi and A. Chadha, Energy Fuels, 25, 2826 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1021/ef200469u
  62. A. Sharma, P. Kodgire and S.S. Kachhwaha, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 116, 109394 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109394
  63. P. Patil, H. Reddy, T. Muppaneni, S. Ponnusamy, Y. Sun, P. Dailey, P. Cooke, U. Patil and S. Deng, Bioresour. Technol., 137, 278 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.118
  64. S. Nomanbhay and M. Ong, Bioengineering, 4, 57 (2017); https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering4020057
  65. D. Zeng, L. Yang and T. Fang, Fuel, 203, 739 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.019
  66. D. Kusdiana and S. Saka, Fuel, 80, 693 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00140-X
  67. D.A. Lewis, J.D. Summers, T.C. Ward and J.E. McGrath, J. Polym. Sci. Part Polym. Chem., 30, 1647 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300817
  68. P. Mazo, L. Rios, D. Estenoz and M. Sponton, Chem. Eng. J., 185– 186, 347 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.099
  69. M.-C. Hsiao, P.-H. Liao and L.-W. Chang, Adv. Environ. Res., 1, 191 (2012); https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2012.1.3.191
  70. P. Mazo, D. Estenoz, M. Sponton and L. Rios, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 89, 1355 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2020-3
  71. H. Eyring, J. Chem. Phys., 3, 107 (1935); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1749604
  72. L.M. Surhone, M.T. Timpledon and S.F. Marseken, Eyring Equation, Betascript Publishing (2010).
  73. Á. DíazOrtiz, P. Prieto and A. delaHoz, Chem. Rec., 19, 85 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.201800059
  74. M.G. Nayak and A.P. Vyas, Asian J. Chem., 31, 1688 (2019); https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21943
  75. M. Barekati-Goudarzi, P.D. Muley, A. Clarens, D.B. Nde and D. Boldor, Biomass Bioenergy, 107, 353 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.09.006
  76. H. Hindarso, Am. J. Chem. Eng., 6, 54 (2018); https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13
  77. M. Mahfud, A. Suryanto, L. Qadariyah, S. Suprapto and H.S. Kusuma, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 56, 275 (2018); https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2018.56.2.275
  78. A. Kanitkar, S. Balasubramanian, M. Lima and D. Boldor, Bioresour. Technol., 102, 7896 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.091
  79. M.A. Hashim, Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Sustainability and Chemical Engineering, ICGSCE 2014 (2015).
  80. S.M. Hailegiorgis, S. Mahadzir and D. Subbarao, Biomass Bioenergy, 49, 63 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.003
  81. K.Y. Nandiwale and V.V. Bokade, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 53, 18690 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1021/ie500672v
  82. P. Patil, V.G. Gude, S. Pinappu and S. Deng, Chem. Eng. J., 168, 1296 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.030
  83. T. Roy, S. Sahani, D. Madhu and Y.C. Sharma, J. Clean. Prod., 265, 121440 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121440
  84. L. Wu, T. Wei, Z. Lin, Y. Zou, Z. Tong and J. Sun, Fuel, 182, 920 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.065
  85. N. Kaur and A. Ali, RSC Adv., 4, 43671 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA07178F
  86. Y. Mani, T. Devaraj and K. Devaraj, S.A.A. Rawoof and S. Subramanian, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 27, 36450 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09626-y
  87. J.M. Encinar, A. Pardal and N. Sánchez, Fuel, 166, 51 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.110
  88. A.N. Sarve, M.N. Varma and S.S. Sonawane, Ultrason. Sonochem., 29, 288 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.016
  89. S. Sahani, T. Roy and Y.C. Sharma, Energy Convers. Manage., 203, 112180 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112180
  90. P. Nautiyal, K.A. Subramanian and M.G. Dastidar, Fuel, 135, 228 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.063
  91. L.K. Ong, A. Kurniawan, A.C. Suwandi, C.X. Lin, X.S. Zhao and S. Ismadji, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 75, 11 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2012.12.018
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 0 Download : 0