Copyright (c) 2024 Indu Rani, Sachin Kumari, Sushila Singh, Bhagya Shree, Muskan, Manju
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Sequestration of Heavy Metals from Water by Aegle marmelos (Bael) Leaves as Promising Biomaterial: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Corresponding Author(s) : Indu Rani
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 36 No. 8 (2024): Vol 36 Issue 8, 2024
Abstract
Heavy metals abatement from polluted water through the use of green biosorbents is a growing research area due to its renewability and inexpensive. This study investigates the idea of utilizing Aegle marmelos (Bael) leaves as a biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(VI) from simulated wastewater. The surface area, functionality, surface morphology and elemental analysis of biosorbent were analyzed by BET, FTIR, FE-SEM with EDX, respectively. Batch studies were done for biosorption of heavy metal ions. The maximum biosorption capacity of heavy metal ions were optimized by varying the pH (2-9), metal ions concentration (20-80 mg/L), biosorbent dose (0.02-0.2 g/L) and contact time (30-210 min). The Langmuir adsorption isotherms and pseudo-second order kinetics models were the most suitable for the biosorption of heavy metal ions and the maximum adsorption capacity was 11.85, 10.35 and 8.55 mg/g for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(VI) heavy metals, respectively at optimized time 120 min. Thermodynamics studies revealed that biosorption of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(VI) on A. marmelos biosorbent was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Finally, the removal efficiency of A. marmelos biosorbent against the all three metals were found maximum for Pb(II) followed by Cd(II) and Cr(VI) due to the variations in hydration energy of these heavy metals.
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M. Shafiq, A.A. Alazba and M.T. Amin, Sains Malays., 47, 35 (2018); https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4701-05
M.M. Ali and J.N. Bhakta, Water Environ. Res., 92, 821 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1274
B.D. Pant, D. Neupane, D.R. Paudel, P. Chandra Lohani, S.K. Gautam, M.R. Pokhrel and B.R. Poudel, Heliyon, 8, e09283 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09283
K. Gautam, N.B. Markandeya, N.B. Singh, S.P. Shukla and D. Mohan, SN Appl. Sci., 2, 288 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2065-0
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H. Tounsadi, A. Khalidi, M. Abdennouri and N. Barka, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 3, 822 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.03.022
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S. Asgarzadeh, R. Rostamian, E. Faez, A. Maleki and H. Daraei, Desalination Water Treat., 57, 14544 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1067831
M. Abatal, M.T. Olguin, I. Anastopoulos, D.A. Giannakoudakis, E.C. Lima, J. Vargas and C. Aguilar, Coatings, 11, 508 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050508
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P. Sinha, A. Datar, C. Jeong, X. Deng, Y.G. Chung and L.C. Lin, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 20195 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02116
M.A. Mutalib, M.A. Rahman, M.H.D. Othman, A.F. Ismail and J. Jaafar, in eds.: N. Hilal, A.F. Ismail, T.i Matsuura and D. Oatley-Radcliffe, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, In: Membrane Characterization, Elsevier, Chap. 9, pp. 161-179 (2017).
M.A. Al-Ghouti and D.A. Da’ana, J. Hazard. Mater., 393, 122383 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122383
G. Yashni, A. Al-Gheethi, R.M.S.R. Mohamed, V. Abirama Shanmugan and J. Abu Bakar, Mater. Today Proc., 47, 1345 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.829
G. Yuvaraja, N. Krishnaiah, M.V. Subbaiah and A. Krishnaiah, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 114, 75 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.039
J.O. Ighalo and A.G. Adeniyi, SN Appl. Sci., 2, 509 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2335-x
R. Hassan, H. Arida, M. Montasser and N.A. Latif, J. Chem., 2013, 240568 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/240568
D. Kolodyñska, J.A. Krukowska and P. Thomas, Chem. Eng. J., 307, 353 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.088
Z. Sheikh, M. Amin, N. Khan, M.N. Khan, S.K. Sami, S.B. Khan, I. Hafeez, S.A. Khan, E.M. Bakhsh and C.K. Cheng, Chemosphere, 279, 130545 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130545
A.M. Kenawy, M.A.H. Hafez, M.A. Ismail and M.A. Hashem, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 107, 1538 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.017
G. El-Chaghaby, S. Rashad and S. Abd-El-Kader, Egypt. J. Bot., 60, 707 (2020); https://doi.org/10.21608/ejbo.2020.26449.1476
M.J. Zamzow, B.R. Eichbaum, K.R. Sandgren and D.E. Shanks, Sep. Sci. Technol., 25, 1555 (1990); https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399008050409
Z. Harrache, M. Abbas, T. Aksil and M.Trari, Microchem. J., 144, 180 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399008050409