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Vol. 31 No. 9 (2019): Vol 31 Issue 9

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Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinate Esters over Zirconia and its Modified Forms Coated on Honeycomb Monoliths: Green Synthesis

https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22102
Reena Saritha Serrao
Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India; Chemistry Research Laboratory, H.M.S. Institute of Technology, NH-4, Kyathsandra, Tumakuru-572104, India; Catalysis Research Laboratory, St. Joseph's College, Bengaluru-560027, India
S.Z. Mohamed Shamshuddin
Research and Development Center, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India; Chemistry Research Laboratory, H.M.S. Institute of Technology, NH-4, Kyathsandra, Tumakuru-572104, India
Joyce D'souza
Catalysis Research Laboratory, St. Joseph's College, Bengaluru-560027, India

Corresponding Author(s) : S.Z. Mohamed Shamshuddin

em_es@rediffmail.com

Asian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 31 No. 9 (2019): Vol 31 Issue 9

Abstract

A series of solid acid catalysts such as ZrO2, Mo(VI)/ZrO2 and W(VI)/ZrO2 have been coated on honeycomb monoliths as well as synthesized in the powder forms and used as catalytic materials for synthesis of ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol. These solid acids were characterized by BET, NH3-TPD/n-butyl amine back titration, FTIR, PXRD and SEM techniques. Effects of various reaction parameters towards the reaction performance were studied. The performance of the catalyst was tested based on nature of the catalyst (honeycomb coated or powder form), reaction time (1 to 5 h), molar ratio (1:1 to 1:12 levulinic acid to ethanol) and reusability of the catalytic material. An excellent yield (86-88 %) of ethyl levulinate was obtained under optimized conditions. An attempt is made to correlate the activity of the catalysts in this esterification reaction with their surface characteristics. The honeycomb monoliths coated with zirconia and its modified forms were found to be ecofriendly, cost-effective and reusable catalytic materials compared to their powder forms.

Keywords

Esterification Honeycomb monolith Levulinic acid Levulinate esters Modified zirconia
Serrao, R. S., Mohamed Shamshuddin, S., & D’souza, J. (2019). Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinate Esters over Zirconia and its Modified Forms Coated on Honeycomb Monoliths: Green Synthesis. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 31(9), 1993–1999. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22102
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