Copyright (c) 2019 AJC
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Contamination of Lakes in Broknes Peninsula, East Antarctica through the Pesticides and PAHs
Corresponding Author(s) : Laxmikant Bhardwaj
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 31 No. 7 (2019): Vol 31 Issue 7
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate the concentration of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some pesticides in the lake water samples, collected from five selected locations of Broknes peninsula during 34th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) in austral summer of 2014 to 2015. A total of 15 lake water samples were collected from the different five lakes. In these samples, 34 pesticides and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were estimated. Lake water samples were processed using a liquid-liquid method solvent extraction, cleaned-up and concentrated. The concentrated sample then injected into GC-MS/MS along with the standards and then quantitative analysis was performed. Pesticides residue levels found in lake water samples varied from 10.33 pg/mL to 70.00 pg/mL and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels were observed from 10.33 pg/mL to 50 pg/mL.
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- USEPA, (US Environmental Protection Agency)-3510B (1994), Separatory Funnel Liquid Liquid Extraction. Revision 2, September (1994).
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References
D.A. Hodgson, E. Verleyen, K. Sabbe, A.H. Squier, B.J. Keely, M.J. Leng, K.M. Saunders and W. Vyverman, Quat. Res., 64, 83 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.04.002.
P.K. Bhar and U.K. Niyogi, Sci. Int., 3, 25 (2015); https://doi.org/10.17311/sciintl.2015.25.30.
D.A. Hodgson, P.E. Noon, W. Vyverman, C.L. Bryant, D.B. Gore, P. Appleby, M. Gilmour, E. Verleyen, K. Sabbe, V.J. Jones and J.C. EllisEvans, Antarct. Sci., 13, 440 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102001000608.
D. Gillieson, An Atlas of the Lakes of the Larsemann Hills, Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctic, Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, Antarctic Division, Department of the Arts, Sports, the Environment, Tourism and Territories, vol. 74 (1990).
D.A. Hodgson, W. Vyverman and K. Sabbe, Antarct. Sci., 13, 255 (2001); https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102001000372.
D. Roberts and A. McMinn, Antarct. Sci., 8, 331 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102096000508.
M. Legrand and P. Mayewski, Rev. Geophys., 35, 219 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1029/96RG03527.
S. Wild, D. McLagan, M. Schlabach, R. Bossi, D. Hawker, R. Cropp, C.K. King, J.S. Stark, J. Mondon and S.B. Nash, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 103 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1021/es5048232.
A.J. Hund, Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth’s Polar Regions, Santa Barbara 2: ABC-CLIO (2014).
R. Fuoco, S. Giannarelli, Y. Wei, A. Ceccarini, C. Abete, S. Francesconi and M. Termine, Microchem. J., 92, 44 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2008.11.004.
L.A. Barrie, D. Gregor, B. Hargrave, R. Lake, D. Muir, R. Shearer, B. Tracey and T. Bidleman, Sci. Total Environ., 122, 1 (1992); https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90245-N.
M. Vecchiato, S. Zambon, E. Argiriadis, C. Barbante, A. Gambaro and R. Piazza, Microchem. J., 120, 26 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2014.12.008.
Y. Li, D. Geng, F. Liu, T. Wang, P. Wang, Q. Zhang and G. Jiang, Atmos. Environ., 51, 140 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.034.
R. Piazza, A. Gambaro, E. Argiriadis, M. Vecchiato, S. Zambon, P. Cescon and C. Barbante, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 917 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6464-y.
P. Wang, Y. Li, Q. Zhang, Q. Yang, L. Zhang, F. Liu, J. Fu, W. Meng, D. Wang, H. Sun, S. Zheng, Y. Hao, Y. Liang and G. Jiang, Atmos. Environ., 150, 407 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.036.
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S. Corsolini, N. Borghesi, N. Ademollo and S. Focardi, Environ. Int., 37, 1329 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.017.
H. Wolschke, X.Z. Meng, Z. Xie, R. Ebinghaus and M. Cai, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 96, 513 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.012.
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L. Bhardwaj, A. Chauhan, A. Ranjan and T. Jindal, Earth Syst. Environ., 2, 35 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-017-0032-8.
USEPA, (US Environmental Protection Agency)-3510B (1994), Separatory Funnel Liquid Liquid Extraction. Revision 2, September (1994).
USEPA, (US Environmental Protection Agency)-3630C (1996) Silica Gel Cleanup. Revision 3, December (1996).
USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), Method 1699: Pesticides in Water, Soil, Sediment, Biosolids and Tissue by HRGC/HRMS (2007).
H.N. Geisz, R.M. Dickhut, M.A. Cochran, W.R. Fraser and H.W. Ducklow, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 3958 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1021/es702919n.
U. Ali, J.H. Syed, R.N. Malik, A. Katsoyiannis, J. Li, G. Zhang and K.C. Jones, Sci. Total Environ., 476-477, 705 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.107.
H.S. Zhang, Z.P. Wang, B. Lu, C. Zhu, G.H. Wu and V. Walter, Sci. China Ser. D, 50, 1086 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-007-0021-0.
UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program), Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease; Report of UNEP Expert Group, Geneva, Switzerland: Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention: UNEP/POPs/DDT-BP, 1/2 (2008).
UNEP/AMAP (United Nations Environmental Program/Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program), Climate Change and POPs: Predicting the Impacts; Report of the UNEP/AMAP Expert Group, Geneva, Switzerland: Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention, p. 62 (2011).
S. Corsolini and S. Focardi, Bioconcentration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Pelagic Food Chain of the Ross Sea, In: Ross Sea Ecology, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 575-584 (2000).
S. Corsolini, J. Chromatogr. A, 1216, 598 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.012.
Y.F. Li and R.W. Macdonald, Sci. Total Environ., 342, 87 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.027.
S. Corsolini, A. Covaci, N. Ademollo, S. Focardi and P. Schepens, Environ. Pollut., 140, 371 (2006); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.039.
H. Iwata, S. Tanabe, N. Sakai and R. Tatsukawa, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1080 (1993); https://doi.org/10.1021/es00043a007.
J.M. Pacyna and M. Oehme, Atmos. Environ., 22, 243 (1988); https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90031-5.
C.W. Wu, A.P. Zhang and W.P. Liu, Chemosphere, 90, 2341 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.10.023.
S. Lakaschus, K. Weber, F. Wania, R. Bruhn and O. Schrems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 138 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1021/es010211j.
H. Goerke, K. Weber, H. Bornemann, S. Ramdohr and J. Plotz, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 48, 295 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.004.
S. Taniguchi, R.C. Montone, M.C. Bícego, F.I. Colabuono, R.R. Weber and J.L. Sericano, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 58, 129 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.026.
R.J. Norstrom, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 9, 300 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02987570.
F. Wania, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 1344 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1021/es026019e.
R.P. Schwarzenbach, P.M. Gschwend and D.M. Imboden, Environmental Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ. edn 2, p. 1328 (2003).