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Preparation of Amphoteric Ion Exchanger by Chemical Treatment of Scrap Tires
Corresponding Author(s) : Abdulrahman Mallah
Asian Journal of Chemistry,
Vol. 31 No. 6 (2019): Vol 31 Issue 6
Abstract
An amphoteric ion exchanger containing acidic and basic groups is prepared by chemical treatment of scrap tires by reaction with Sulphuric acid then the sulphonated sample aminated by ethylenediamine at different conditions in order to choose the best product within the thermal range of 120-170 ºC. The best conditions to obtain an amphoteric ion exchanger were at 150 ºC, for a period of 12 h, and mass ratio 1:1 of sulphonated sample to ethylenediamine. The maximum acidic and basic capacities were found as 2.40 and 2.55 meq g-1 of the selected ion exchanger respectively, wet and dry thermal stability process of the selected exchanger were also investigated.
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- C. Roy, A. Chaala and H. Darmstadt, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 51, 201 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00017-0.
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- V.M. Makarov and V.F. Drozdovski, Reprocessing of Tires and Rubber Wastes Recycling from the Rubber Products Industry, Ellis Harwood: Chichester, p. 209, (1991).
- H. Su, J. Yang, T.-C. Ling, G. Ghataora and S. Dirar, J. Clean. Prod., 91, 288 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.022.
- M. Al-Fadhli, Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 7, 36 (2017).
- E. Ganjian, M. Khorami and A.A. Maghsoudi, Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 1828 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.020.
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- A. Gursel, E. Akca and N. Sen, Period. Eng. Nat. Sci., 6, 154 (2018)
- G. Richards and I.E. Agranovski, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 65, 186 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2014.984084.
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- S. Canepari, P. Castellano, M.L. Astolfi, S. Materazzi, R. Ferrante, D. Fiorini and R. Curini, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 25, 1448 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0377-4.
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- J. Gomes, H. Mota, J. Bordado, M. Cadete, G. Sarmento, A. Ribeiro, M. Baiao, J. Fernandes, V. Pampulim, M. Custódio and I. Veloso, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 60, 741 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.6.741.
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- B. Falazi, M.R. Bazzet and A.M. Sobahi, Halogenation of the Vulcanized Waste Rubber Residues, The Second Syrian Egyptian Conference of Chemical Engineering, Al-Baath University: Homs, Syria, May 20-22 (1997).
- B. Falazi and S. Keda, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 58, 449 (2008).
- B. Falazi and S. Keda, Physio-Chemical Study of Ion-Exchanger Prepared by Grafting the Hydrophilic Scrap Tires by Acrylic Acid, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 58, 163 (2008).
- S. Keda, Ph.D. Thesis, Preparation of Cation Exchangers by Grafting Scrap Tires and Physio-Chemical Study on the Products, aculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2009).
- E. Abdel-Bary, A. Dessouki, E.M. El-Nesr and M.M. Hassan, Polym. Plast. Technol., 36, 241 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559708000617.
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- B. Falazi and A. Sobahi, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 40, 251 (1999).
- A. Sobahi, Ph.D. Thesis, Chemical Treatment of Vulcanized Waste Rubber, and Studying Physicochemical Properties of Products, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (1999).
- B. Falazi, M. Amine and S. Keda, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 37, 209 (2002).
- A. Sulaiman, M.Sc. Thesis, Preparation of Ion Exchangers by Polycondensation of Aniline and Formaldehyde in the Matrix of the Product of Reaction between Scrap Tires and Maleic Anhydride, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2010).
- S. Keda, M.Sc. Thesis, Preparation of Ion-exchange Resins from Scrap Tires and Physicochemical Study of Products, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2003).
- B. Falazi and F. Koro, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 47, 281 (2005).
- B. Falazi, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 57, 16 (2007).
- B. Falazi, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 57, 19 (2007).
- B. Falazi, N. Kutiesh and A. Mallah, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 38, 231 (2003).
- B. Falazi, N. Kutiesh and A. Mallah, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 40, 251 (2003).
- A. Mallah, M.Sc. Thesis, Chemical Modification of Scrap Tires and Physicochemical Study of the Products, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2004).
- B. Falazi and A. Sobahi, J. Basic Sci., 17, 95 (2001).
References
C. Roy, A. Chaala and H. Darmstadt, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 51, 201 (1999); https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00017-0.
J.I. Osayi, S. Iyuke and S.E. Ogbeide, J. Catalysts, 2014, Article ID 386371 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/386371.
S. Karthikeyan, C. Sathiskumar and S. R. Moorthy, J. Scient. Ind. Res., 71, 309 (2012).
K.J. Collins, A.C. Jensen, J.J. Mallinson, V. Roenelle and I.P. Smith, ICES J. Marine Sci., 59, S243 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2002.1297.
K.J. Collins, A.C. Jensen and S. Albert, Chem. Ecol., 10, 205 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1080/02757549508037679.
S. Rapo-Brunet, Shoe Sole Comprising a Rubber Composition Based on Nitrile-butadiene Rubber, an Oil and a Resin, US Patent 20140336311A1 (2014).
V.M. Makarov and V.F. Drozdovski, Reprocessing of Tires and Rubber Wastes Recycling from the Rubber Products Industry, Ellis Harwood: Chichester, p. 209, (1991).
H. Su, J. Yang, T.-C. Ling, G. Ghataora and S. Dirar, J. Clean. Prod., 91, 288 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.022.
M. Al-Fadhli, Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 7, 36 (2017).
E. Ganjian, M. Khorami and A.A. Maghsoudi, Constr. Build. Mater., 23, 1828 (2009); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.020.
Y. Huang, R.N. Bird and O. Heidrich, Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 52, 58 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.02.002.
N.S. Mashaan, A.H. Ali, M.R. Karim and M. Abdelaziz, The Scient. World J., 2014, Article ID 214612 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/214612.
D.L. Presti, Constr. Build. Mater., 49, 863 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.007.
P. Radziszewski, J. Civil Eng. Manag., 13, 307 (2007); https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2007.9636451.
D. Borelli, C. Schenone and P. Ilaria, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 133, 3554 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4806460.
V. Vaisis and T. Janusevièius, J. Environ. Eng. Landsc. Manag., 17, 181 (2009); https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.181-188.
A. Venslovas and R.L. Idzelis, Scrap-Tire Crumb Rubber Application in Noise-suppression Structures Recovered of the Building Materials, Experimental Investigation, 8th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, ICEE 2011, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania, pp. 446-451, May 19-20 (2011).
N. Kawabata, Y. Nishigaki and S. Yamashita, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi, 52, 764 (1979); https://doi.org/10.2324/gomu.52.12_764.
A. Gursel, E. Akca and N. Sen, Period. Eng. Nat. Sci., 6, 154 (2018)
G. Richards and I.E. Agranovski, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 65, 186 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2014.984084.
H.F. Mark, N.M. Bikales, C.G. Overberger and G. Menges, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Wiley: New York, vol. 14 pp. 787-804 (1988).
S. Canepari, P. Castellano, M.L. Astolfi, S. Materazzi, R. Ferrante, D. Fiorini and R. Curini, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int., 25, 1448 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0377-4.
A. Lucchesi and G. Maschio, Conserv. Recycl., 6, 85 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(83)90033-4.
J. Gomes, H. Mota, J. Bordado, M. Cadete, G. Sarmento, A. Ribeiro, M. Baiao, J. Fernandes, V. Pampulim, M. Custódio and I. Veloso, J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 60, 741 (2010); https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.60.6.741.
B. Falazi, M.R. Bazzet and A.M. Sobahi, Chlorination of Vulcanized Waste Rubber, The 36th Science Week, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria (1996).
B. Falazi, M.R. Bazzet and A.M. Sobahi, Halogenation of the Vulcanized Waste Rubber Residues, The Second Syrian Egyptian Conference of Chemical Engineering, Al-Baath University: Homs, Syria, May 20-22 (1997).
B. Falazi and S. Keda, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 58, 449 (2008).
B. Falazi and S. Keda, Physio-Chemical Study of Ion-Exchanger Prepared by Grafting the Hydrophilic Scrap Tires by Acrylic Acid, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 58, 163 (2008).
S. Keda, Ph.D. Thesis, Preparation of Cation Exchangers by Grafting Scrap Tires and Physio-Chemical Study on the Products, aculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2009).
E. Abdel-Bary, A. Dessouki, E.M. El-Nesr and M.M. Hassan, Polym. Plast. Technol., 36, 241 (1997); https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559708000617.
E.M. Abdel-Bary, A.M. Dessouki, E.M. El-Nesr and M.M. Hassan, Third Arab International Conference on Polymer Science and Technology, vol. 1, p. 255, September 4-7 (1998).
E.M. Abdel-Bary, B. Falazi and A.A. Yehia, Application of Sulphated Waste Rubber Powder as Ion Exchanger, Third Arab International Conference on Polymer Science and Technology, vol. 2, p. 636, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, September 4-7 (1995).
B. Falazi and A. Sobahi, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 40, 251 (1999).
A. Sobahi, Ph.D. Thesis, Chemical Treatment of Vulcanized Waste Rubber, and Studying Physicochemical Properties of Products, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (1999).
B. Falazi, M. Amine and S. Keda, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 37, 209 (2002).
A. Sulaiman, M.Sc. Thesis, Preparation of Ion Exchangers by Polycondensation of Aniline and Formaldehyde in the Matrix of the Product of Reaction between Scrap Tires and Maleic Anhydride, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2010).
S. Keda, M.Sc. Thesis, Preparation of Ion-exchange Resins from Scrap Tires and Physicochemical Study of Products, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2003).
B. Falazi and F. Koro, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 47, 281 (2005).
B. Falazi, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 57, 16 (2007).
B. Falazi, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 57, 19 (2007).
B. Falazi, N. Kutiesh and A. Mallah, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 38, 231 (2003).
B. Falazi, N. Kutiesh and A. Mallah, Res. J. Aleppo Univ. Basic Sci. Series, 40, 251 (2003).
A. Mallah, M.Sc. Thesis, Chemical Modification of Scrap Tires and Physicochemical Study of the Products, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria (2004).
B. Falazi and A. Sobahi, J. Basic Sci., 17, 95 (2001).